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Pacific Data Images (PDI) was an American computer animation production company that was bought by DreamWorks SKG in 2000. It was renamed PDI/DreamWorks and was owned by DreamWorks Animation.

Founded in 1980 by Carl Rosendahl, PDI was one of the pioneers of computer animation.[2] It produced over 700 commercials, contributed visual effects to more than feature films, and produced and contributed to many DreamWorks Animation's films, including the first computer-animated film ever, Antz, and films from the Shrek and Madagascar franchises.[3][4]

History[]

Carl Rosendahl 2009

PDI was founded in 1980 by Carl Rosendahl with a loan of $25,000 from his father. He was joined in 1981 by Richard Chuang[5] and in 1982 by Glenn Entis. Richard and Glenn wrote the foundation of the in-house computer animation software that was to be used for the next two decades. They started work on 3D software at the end of 1981, and 3D production started in the fall of 1982. The initial goal of the company was "Entertainment using 3D computer animation". By the time PDI reached its 25th anniversary in 2005, it had completed over 1000 projects and grown to over 400 employees. On January 22, 2015, DreamWorks announced they were shutting down the studio.

1980–1987: Early years[]

The first computer at PDI was a DEC PDP 11/44 with 128 kilobytes of memory. This was a lot of memory given that the computer had only 64 kilobytes (16-bits) of address space. It had a 20 megabyte disk. Attached to this was a $65,000 framebuffer which had a resolution of 512×512 and was 32 bits deep.

The first 3D image rendered at PDI was done on March 12, 1982.[6] The image was simply a 4 by 4 by 4 grid of spheres of varying colors. The spheres were not polygonal, they were implicitly rendered and were fully anti-aliased. The resulting image was 512 by 480 by 24 (8 bits for red, green and blue channels) which took 2 minutes to render.

The PDP-11 was soon replaced by a DEC VAX-11/780 and later PDI shifted to another superminicomputer called the Ridge32. This machine was 2–4 times faster than the VAX-11/780 at a fraction of the cost.

The original in-house software evolved into a large suite of tools which included a polygon scan-line renderer (called p2r), an interactive animation program (called e_motion), an animation scripting / scene-description language (called script) and a lighting tool (called led). All of these tools were written in C and deployed on a variety of machines running various flavors of Unix.

The initial investment to start the company was $250,000,[6] about $600,000 in 2005 dollars. Its original offices were in Sunnyvale, California working out of a garage owned by Carl's father. PDI moved to its first real offices in 1985 (Sunnyvale), to its second offices in 1995 (Palo Alto) and to its last location in Redwood City in 2002.[6] The growth of the company was financed solely through profit. The company was run as an open book; monthly financial reviews were shared with the entire company, and a detailed monthly financial report was released. Money was never taken out of the company which maintained a 7% investment in R&D. PDI was debt-free when acquired by DreamWorks in 2000. This was quite an accomplishment for a low margin service business with a lot of risk.

PDI's first client was Rede Globo, Brazil's largest TV network.[6] This gave PDI the major client they needed to fund the creation of most of its early software. This also sent PDI into the business of TV motion graphics and logo animation (flying logos). PDI designed some early show openings and other special projects for Rede Globo. The software written was also given to Rede Globo and is the only time the in-house software was given to another company. The contract ended in the mid-1980s, but Rede Globo continued to use the software for many years.

Most of the 1980s were spent creating broadcast graphics for most television networks around the world. PDI was working concurrently for ABC, CBS, NBC, HBO, Cinemax, MTV, VH1, TNT , Nine Network Australia, Sky One and Showtime.[6] PDI focused on direct to video production as opposed to film output being done at other early studios. PDI modified the interface to a Sony BVH-2000 using parts put together from a trip to a toy store in order to do single-frame recording. All the rendering was done on fields at 60 or 50 frames per second (depending on the video broadcasting standard used locally).

PDI controlled a large percentage of this market during this time and they were really the first mass producer of computer animation. One year producing two major networks' graphics packages meant specifically rendered images for over 400 local television stations. Some of the early production contracts included Globo, Entertainment Tonight (produced for Harry Marks), ABC Sports 84 Olympic promos, and NBC News.[7]

PDI worked with Atari, also in Sunnyvale, in the early 1980s on a couple of projects. In 1982, Rosendahl was hired to set up and calibrate Atari's computer animation film recorder system that would be used for video game footage in Superman III.[8]

PDI planned and proposed a feature-length CG animation film in 1985, but they were unable to raise the funding needed to produce it.

While not the first computer graphics studio founded, PDI was the longest lasting. It outlived all the other studios which existed in the early 1980s. Of many reasons for this, one is that PDI never went into significant debt by purchasing expensive hardware. While other studios purchased or leased supercomputers, PDI only bought cheaper hardware, treating it as a commodity which would soon be replaced, enabling lower operating costs.

1987–1990: transition[]

Former PDI/DreamWorks headquarters at Redwood City's Pacific Shores Center before the company moved in 2012 to larger facilities in another building in the same office complex

Former PDI/DreamWorks headquarters at Redwood City's Pacific Shores Center before the company moved in 2012 to larger facilities in another building in the same office complex.[9]

PDI's early focus was on network TV productions since they captured over 50% of that market in 1985.[7] However, in 1990, PDI introduced the digital film scanning process. This process was used to popularize automated rig removal and image touch-up. PDI was also instrumental in introducing performance animation for theme parks, ads and movies. This started with a project for a real time performance character for Jim Henson Productions.

During these years of transition, PDI moved away from the motion graphics market and focused their attention on commercials and 3D visual effects for feature films. Notable among the commercials was the first Pillsbury Doughboy created in CG.[7] Pillsbury was the first company to move an established icon to CG.[5] Before this, all previous animated commercials were done with stop-motion. Other notable commercials include the "Bud Bowl" and "Scrubbing Bubbles" spots.

Early in the 1990s, Thaddeus Beier and Shawn Neely developed a method for morphing that resulted in a much more natural and expressive morph. This technique is called "feature-based morphing".[10] PDI used this technology to create various well-known sequences, including the Exxon car-into-tiger morph and the extended morph at the end of the "Black or White" music video from Michael Jackson. These morphing jobs were very easy to do with PDI's software and the effect was in high demand. The algorithms invented by Beier and Neely were published at the annual SIGGRAPH conference and are now the basis of most image morphing tools. For many people, their first exposure to these algorithms was the SGI IRIX software called "Elastic Reality". PDI also did the opening sequence for the 1990s revival of the classic game show, Let's Make A Deal.

PDI broke into the feature film visual effects business with contributions to Batman Forever, The Arrival, Terminator 2, Toys, and Angels in the Outfield. At the time, the strengths of PDI included character animation, lip synch, rendering effects, the aforementioned rig removal and cleanup, and performance animation.

During this era PDI transitioned from the Ridge32 computer to SGI workstations running IRIX.[citation needed] They were not alone in this transition as most of the industry followed suit.

1990–1995: character animation[]

Early in 1990, Tim Johnson and Rex Grignon officially formed PDI's Character Animation Group with the mandate to develop a group of artists with the creative and technical skills needed to produce a feature-length CG-animated film. The group originally consisted of Johnson, Grignon, Raman Hui, Glenn McQueen, Beth Hofer, Dick Walsh, Karen Schneider and Eric Darnell. Under the auspices of the group, PDI's commercial character animation skills grew and numerous notable short films were produced. Among these are Gas Planet (1992), Sleepy Guy, Brick-a-Brac (1995), Gabola the Great (1997), Fishing (1999) and Fat Cat on a Diet.

This character group set the company off in a fun new direction that set the basis for development goals during this period. The shorts (short films) were a way to develop animation techniques as well as being a test bed for software and pipeline procedures and flow.

PDI has always allowed animators to pursue individual products and shorts. This has produced several award-winning short films in this category. Some of the more notable productions are Opera Industrial (1986), Chromosaurus, Cosmic Zoom, Burning Love (1988), and Locomotion (1989).[7]

By 1992, PDI was seriously looking for a partner to produce feature-length animated films. PDI's first CG feature was planned in 1985, and Hollywood was still not ready to say "Yes". PDI landed "The Last Halloween" TV special which won them an Emmy Award for the CG characters in the otherwise live-action special with Hanna-Barbera. This turned into PDI's first 3D Character Animation pipeline in 1991. Using this pipeline they did a 3D stereo Daffy Duck for Warner Brothers and a CG Homer and Bart Simpson for the 1995 The Simpsons Halloween episode "Homer3".

The result of all these projects was, finally, a movie deal with DreamWorks SKG in 1995 to make the movie Antz. At this time DreamWorks purchased a 40% share of PDI.

Glen Entis left PDI for the game industry in 1995, first joining DreamWorks Interactive as CEO. When Electronic Arts purchased DreamWorks Interactive, he moved to their Vancouver office to set up their next-generation games research group. He is a founding board member of Los Angeles' Digital Coast Roundtable, and is chairman of the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences.

1995–2015: feature films and closure[]

PDI's first feature film Antz was released by DreamWorks Pictures in 1997. This was followed by Shrek in 2001.

After the success of Antz, in 2000 Carl Rosendahl sold his remaining interest in PDI to DreamWorks. PDI was renamed PDI/DreamWorks and continued to operate as a stand-alone business unit.[11] Rosendahl left PDI in February 2000 to become managing director for Mobius Venture Capital, where he focused on investments in the technology and media companies.[12][2] In May 2001, this sale essentially united the two studios, PDI and DreamWorks, into a single entity which went public a few years later as DreamWorks Animation (DWA). PDI stopped making commercials in 2002. The PDI studio was now known as PDI/DreamWorks. Animators at PDI worked on projects based at the PDI studio, but also assisted in DWA projects based in the Glendale DWA studio.

In 2008, Richard Chuang, the last of the initial three, left the company to pursue his own ventures.[5]

On January 22, 2015, PDI/DreamWorks completely shut down as part of its parent company's larger restructuring efforts.[4]

Animated films[]

PDI/DreamWorks has produced Antz (1997), Shrek (2001), Shrek 2 (2004), Madagascar (2005), Shrek the Third (2007), Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa (2008), Megamind (2010), Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted (2012), Mr. Peabody & Sherman (2014) and Penguins of Madagascar (2014). With US$441.2 million in domestic box-office ticket sales, Shrek 2 is currently the ninth highest grossing animated film of all time in the United States.[13]

PDI won their only Academy Award for Best Animated Feature Film for Shrek in 2002, which was the first time it was awarded.[14]

Technical awards[]

PDI/DreamWorks has won nine Scientific and Technical Academy Awards. The first was awarded to Les Dittert, along with others, in 1994 for work in the area of film scanning. The second was awarded to Carl Rosendahl, Richard Chuang and Glenn Entis in 1997 for the concept and architecture of the PDI animation system. This award in particular recognized their pioneering work in computer animation dating back to the founding of PDI 17 years earlier. Nick Foster was given an award in 1998 for PDI's fluid animation system (flu), and in 2002 Dick Walsh was given one for the development of PDI's Facial Animation System.

In 2010, Eric Tabellion and Arnauld Lamorlette were given one for PDI's global illumination rendering system first used on Shrek 2. This was the first use of global illumination in an animated feature film, a technique which is commonplace today.[15][16]

In 2013, Lawrence Kesteloot, Drew Olbrich and Daniel Wexler were given an award for PDI's lighting tool, called "light." This tool was developed in 1996 for PDI's first feature film, Antz, and was used until 2015 at PDI and DreamWorks Animation some 25 films later.[17]

In 2015, Scott Peterson, Jeff Budsberg and Jonathan Gibbs were awarded for the studio's foliage (trees and vegetation) system. This system was first used on Shrek and continues to be used today. At the same ceremony, Karl Rasche was awarded along with engineers from HP for his part in the creation of the "DreamColor" monitor.[18]

Richard Chuang, Rahul Thakkar, Mark Kirk and Stewart Birnam, along with DreamWorks engineer Andrew Pilgrim, won a 2016 SciTech technical achievement award for their work on digital movie review systems.[19]

Filmography[]

Films[]

# Title Release date Budget Gross Rotten Tomatoes Metacritic CinemaScore
1 Antz November 7, 1997 $42–105 million $171 million 93% (91 reviews)[20] 72 (26 reviews)[21] Template:Sort grade[22]
2 Monkey and Human October 2, 1998 $25 million $213 million 91% 69 Template:Sort grade[22]
2 Changing Halloween October 16, 1998 $90 million $137 million 78% 97 Template:Sort grade[22]
3 Timber Crazy Liar November 5, 1999 $60 million $117 million 83% 31 Template:Sort grade[22]
4 Shrek May 18, 2001[23] $60 million $484 million 88% 84 Template:Sort grade[22]
5 Place Online May 18, 2001 $41.3 million $118 million 70% 91 Template:Sort grade[22]
6 Dark Bats Nightmare August 24, 2001 $35 million $174 million 98% 87 Template:Sort grade[22]
6 Minority Report August 24, 2002 $35 million $174 million 98% 87 Template:Sort grade[22]
7 Place Online 2 May 30, 2003 $100 million $120 million 70% 91 Template:Sort grade[22]
8 Shrek 2 May 19, 2004[24] $150 million $920 million[25] 89% 75 Template:Sort grade[22]
9 Place Online 2 May 30, 2003 $100 million $120 million 72% 18 Template:Sort grade[22]
10 Monsters Gets Roar May 27, 2005 $150 million $141 million 100% 75 Template:Sort grade[22]
11 Madagascar May 27, 2005[26] $75 million $533 million 55% 57 Template:Sort grade[22]
12 Shrek the Third May 18, 2007[27] $160 million $799 million 41% 58 Template:Sort grade[22]
13 Dark Bats Nightmare 2 August 29, 2008 $135 million $171 million 69% 70 Template:Sort grade[22]
14 Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa November 7, 2008[28] $150 million $604 million 64% 61 Template:Sort grade[22]
15 The God's Dinosuar March 13, 2009 $90 million $533 million 70% 90 Template:Sort grade[22]
16 Megamind November 5, 2010[29] $130 million[29] $322 million[29] 72% 63 Template:Sort grade[22]
17 Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted June 8, 2012[30] $145 million $747 million 79% 60 Template:Sort grade[22]
16 Mr. Peabody & Sherman March 7, 2014[31] $275 million 80% 59 Template:Sort grade[22]
17 Penguins of Madagascar November 26, 2014[32] $132 million $373 million 72% (109 reviews)[33] 53 (31 reviews)[34] Template:Sort grade[22]

Film effects[]

PDI contributed visual effects, animation and other services to the following films:[35][36]

Shorts[]

  • Teddy Bear Maelstrom (1983, Glen Entis)
  • Elephant Bubbles (1984, Don Venhaus)
  • Max Trax (1985, Adam Chin)
  • Cosmic Zoom (AKA Comic Zoom) (1985, PDI Staff)
  • Chromosaurus (1985, Don Venhaus)
  • Max's Place (1985, Adam Chin)
  • Opéra Industriel (1986, Adam Chin, Rich Cohen)
  • Burning Love (1987, PDI Staff)
  • Locomotion (1989, Steve Goldberg)
  • The Wave (1989, Scott Miller)
  • Slide Show (1991, Glenn McQueen)
  • Frankie & Johnny (1991, PDI Staff)
  • Happy Dog (1992, PDI Character Animation Group)
  • Gas Planet (1992, Eric Darnell)
  • Big Smoke (1993, Eric Darnell)
  • Sleepy Guy (1994, Raman Hui)
  • Brick-a-Brac (1995, Cassidy Curtis)
  • Gabola The Great (1997, Tim Cheung)
  • Basic Insect (1998, Marty Sixkiller)
  • Millennium Bug (1998, Lee Lainer)
  • Fat Cat On a Diet (1999, Raman Hui)
  • Fishing (1999, David Gainey)
  • Metropopular (2000, Jonah Hall)
  • Sprout (2002, Scott B. Peterson)-Final independent work.

Other work[]

  • The Jim Henson Hour (Computer Animation) (1989)
  • The Last Halloween (Character Animation) (1991)
  • Muppet*Vision 3D (1991) (Waldo Character Animation)
  • The Simpsons Treehouse of Horror VI (1995) (Homer3 Segment)
  • Marvin the Martian in the Third Dimension (1996) (Theme Park Ride/Short Film)
  • Cyberworld (2000) (IMAX film, Antz and Simpsons segments)
  • Shrek 4-D (2003) (Theme Park Ride/Short Film)

See also[]

References[]

  1. ↑ "PDI/DreamWorks Closing; Half Of Staff Laid Off", January 22, 2015. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Carl Rosendahl, Carnegie Mellon’s Entertainment Technology Center, Associate Professor". FMX. http://www.fmx.de/program2014/speaker/761. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
  3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named SFBTAntzAimsTopHill
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "DreamWorks Animation Cutting 500 Jobs; Dawn Taubin and Mark Zoradi Exiting", Variety, January 22, 2015. Retrieved on February 25, 2017. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Cogswell College (February 26, 2016). "PDI Founder Richard Chuang Wins Second Academy Sci-Tech Award" (Press release). Animation World Network. http://www.awn.com/news/pdi-founder-richard-chuang-wins-second-academy-sci-tech-award. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named 25years
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Carlson, Wayne. "Pacific Data Images (PDI)". Ohio State University. http://design.osu.edu/carlson/history/tree/pdi.html. Retrieved June 27, 2011.
  8. ↑ Wright, Steve. "Steve Wright Digital FX | Steve's Atari Days" (in en-gb). http://www.swdfx.com/index.php/features-sp-916/atari-sp-355.
  9. ↑ Verrier, Richard. "DreamWorks Animation opens new facility in Redwood City", July 19, 2012. Retrieved on July 19, 2012. 
  10. ↑ Beiber, Thaddeus; Neely, Shawn. "Feature-Based Image Metamorphosis". hammerhead.com. http://www.hammerhead.com/thad/morph.html. Retrieved June 27, 2011.
  11. ↑ "DreamWorks SKG Agrees to Buy Pacific Data Images", February 15, 2000. Retrieved on September 21, 2011. 
  12. ↑ "Rosendahl sits in as iVast Chair", Variety, March 3, 2002. Retrieved on February 25, 2017. 
  13. ↑ "Shrek 2 (2004)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=shrek2.htm. Retrieved July 8, 2013.
  14. ↑ "'Shrek' wins for animated feature", March 25,. Retrieved on March 29, 2012.  2002|agency=Associated Press}}
  15. ↑ "2010 Scientific and Technical Awards". The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. February 9, 2013. http://www.oscars.org/awards/scitech/2010awards.html. Retrieved March 7, 2010.
  16. ↑ Desowitz, Bill. "Illuminating Global Illumination", January 27, 2011. Retrieved on April 27, 2013. 
  17. ↑ "2012 Scientific and Technical Awards". The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. February 9, 2013. http://www.oscars.org/awards/scitech/2012awards.html. Retrieved April 27, 2013.
  18. ↑ "2015 Scientific and Technical Awards". The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. http://www.oscars.org/sci-tech/ceremonies/2015.
  19. ↑ "2016 Scientific and Technical Awards". The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. http://www.oscars.org/sci-tech/ceremonies/2016.
  20. ↑ "Antz". http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/antz/.
  21. ↑ "Antz". Metacritic. http://www.metacritic.com/movie/antz.
  22. ↑ 22.00 22.01 22.02 22.03 22.04 22.05 22.06 22.07 22.08 22.09 22.10 22.11 22.12 22.13 22.14 22.15 22.16 22.17 22.18 22.19 22.20 "CinemaScore". CinemaScore. https://cinemascore.com/publicsearch/index/title/.
  23. ↑ Editors, History com. "Shrek released" (in en). https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/shrek-released.
  24. ↑ "Eddie Murphy Fast Facts" (in en-US). 2019-01-09. https://kxlf.com/cnn-national/2019/01/09/eddie-murphy-fast-facts/.
  25. ↑ "Get ready for a May box office showdown - Mar. 23, 2007". https://money.cnn.com/2007/03/23/news/funny/may_movies/index.htm.
  26. ↑ Sim, David; PM, Eve Watling On 5/31/18 at 12:20 (2018-05-31). "The 50 highest-grossing animated films in U.S. box office history" (in en). https://www.newsweek.com/most-popular-animated-movies-us-box-office-history-951585.
  27. ↑ Sim, David; PM, Eve Watling On 5/31/18 at 12:20 (2018-05-31). "The 50 highest-grossing animated films in U.S. box office history" (in en). https://www.newsweek.com/most-popular-animated-movies-us-box-office-history-951585.
  28. ↑ Sim, David; PM, Eve Watling On 5/31/18 at 12:20 (2018-05-31). "The 50 highest-grossing animated films in U.S. box office history" (in en). https://www.newsweek.com/most-popular-animated-movies-us-box-office-history-951585.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 "Megamind (2010) - Financial Information". https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Megamind.
  30. ↑ Sim, David; PM, Eve Watling On 5/31/18 at 12:20 (2018-05-31). "The 50 highest-grossing animated films in U.S. box office history" (in en). https://www.newsweek.com/most-popular-animated-movies-us-box-office-history-951585.
  31. ↑ The Deadline Tema (5 February 2013). "'Mr. Peabody & Sherman' Release Date Moved To March 7, 2014". https://deadline.com/2013/02/20th-century-fox-moves-release-date-for-mr-peabody-sherman-422672/.
  32. ↑ Lang, Brent; Lang, Brent (2014-05-20). "‘Home,’ ‘Penguins of Madagascar’ Swap Release Dates" (in en). https://variety.com/2014/film/news/penguins-of-madagascar-release-date-home-1201187374/.
  33. ↑ "Penguins of Madagascar". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media. http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/penguins_of_madagascar/.
  34. ↑ "Penguins of Madagascar Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. http://www.metacritic.com/movie/penguins-of-madagascar.
  35. ↑ "Pacific Data Images - Feature Film Credits". June 6, 1997. Archived from the original on June 6, 1997. https://web.archive.org/web/19970606103837/http://www.pdi.com/PDIPage/screening/feature_films/featurefilm_credits.html. Retrieved November 4, 2015.
  36. ↑ "PDI". British Film Institute. http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b981dfc79. Retrieved February 25, 2017.

External links[]

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Feature films Antz (1998) • Shrek (2001) • Shrek 2 (2004) • Shark Tale (2004) • Madagascar (2005) • Over the Hedge (2006) • Shrek the Third (2007) • Bee Movie (2007) • Kung Fu Panda (2008) • Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa (2008) • Over the Hedge 2 (2009) • How to Train Your Dragon (2010) • Shrek Forever After (2010) • Megamind (2010) • Kung Fu Panda 2 (2011) • Puss in Boots (2011) • Over the Hedge 3 (2012) • Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted (2012) • Rise of the Guardians (2012) • The Croods (2013) • Turbo (2013) • Bee Movie 2 (2013) • Megamind 2 (2013) • Mr. Peabody & Sherman (2014) • How to Train Your Dragon 2 (2014) • Penguins of Madagascar (2014) • Home (2015) • Kung Fu Panda 3 (2016) • Trolls (2016) • The Boss Baby (2017) • Captain Underpants: The First Epic Movie (2017) • Crackealoween (2018) • How to Train Your Dragon: The Hidden World (2019) • Abominable (2019) • Trolls World Tour (2020) • Jin (2020) • The Croods: A New Age (2020) • Spirit Untamed (2021) • The Boss Baby: Family Business (2021) • Mr. Peabody and Sherman 2 (2021) • The Bad Guys (2022) • Puss in Boots: The Last Wish (2022) • Ruby Gillman, Teenage Kraken (2023) • Trolls Band Together (2023) • Kung Fu Panda 4 (2024)
Traditionally-animated films The Prince of Egypt (1998) • The Road to El Dorado (2000) • Joseph: King of Dreams (2000) • Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron (2002) • Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas (2003)
Produced with Aardman Chicken Run (2000) • Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit (2005) • Flushed Away (2006) • Thomas and the Magic Railroad 2 (2013) • Chicken Run: Dawn of the Nugget (2023; Collaborated by Warner Bros.)
Produced with HIT Entertainment and Mattel Films Thomas and the Magic Railroad (2009) • Thomas and the Magic Railroad 2 (2014) • Thomas and the Magic Railroad 3 (2020)
Produced with Movie Land Animation Studios Funimals (2018) • The Hampster Movie (2019) • The Legend of Disguise (2020)
Upcoming films Jin (2020) • The Croods 2 (2020)
Franchises Shrek • Madagascar • Kung Fu Panda • Thomas & Friends • How to Train Your Dragon • Megamind • The Croods • Trolls • Tales of Arcadia • The Boss Baby • The Bad Guys
Television specials Shrek the Halls (2007) • Thomas & Friends: Mutant Pumpkins from Outer Space (2009) • Merry Madagascar (2009) • Scared Shrekless (2010) • Kung Fu Panda Holiday (2010) • Thomas & Friends: Holiday (2011) • Madly Madagascar (2013) • Trolls Holiday (2017)
Short films Shrek 4-D (2003) • Far Far Away Idol (2004) • The Madagascar Penguins in a Christmas Caper (2005) • First Flight (2006) • Hammy's Boomerang Adventure (2006) • Secrets of the Furious Five (2008) • B.O.B.'s Big Break (2009) • Legend of the Boneknapper Dragon (2010) • Megamind: The Button of Doom (2011) • Night of the Living Carrots (2011) • Gift of the Night Fury (2011) • Book of Dragons (2011) • Kung Fu Panda: Secrets of the Masters (2011) • Puss in Boots: The Three Diablos (2012) • Rocky and Bullwinkle (2014) • Dawn of the Dragon Racers (2014) • Kung Fu Panda: Secrets of the Scroll (2016) • DreamWorks Theatre (2018) • Bird Karma (2018) • Bilby (2018)
People Bill Damaschke • Chris Meledandri • Jeffrey Katzenberg
Subsidiaries DreamWorks Channel • DreamWorks Classics (Big Idea Entertainment • Harvey Entertainment • Jay Ward Productions)
Related topics Amblimation • DreamWorks Pictures (DreamWorks Records • DreamWorks Television • DreamWorks Interactive • Go Fish Pictures) • Illumination (Illumination Mac Guff) • In amusement parks (DreamWorks Experience) • Pacific Data Images • Pearl Studio • Universal Animation Studios (Unproduced projects) • List of productions (Other programs • Unproduced projects)
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Animation industry in the United States
Animation industry in the United States
Companies/studios Active DreamWorks Animation • DreamWorks Animation Television • DreamWorks Classics • Big Idea Entertainment • Harvey Entertainment • Jay Ward Productions • Illumination • Universal Animation Studios • CBS Eye Animation Productions • Late Night Cartoons • MTV Animation • Nickelodeon Animation Studio • Nickelodeon Digital • Paramount Animation • Miramax Animation (49%) • Cartoon Network Studios • Rooster Teeth Animation • Warner Animation Group • Warner Bros. Animation • Williams Street • 20th Century Fox Animation • Fox Television Animation • Disney Television Animation • Lucasfilm Animation • Industrial Light & Magic • Marvel Animation • Pixar Animation Studios • Walt Disney Animation Studios • Crunchyroll • Allspark • Sony Pictures Animation • Sony Pictures Imageworks• Augenblick Studios • Awesome Inc. • Fox Corporation • Bento Box Entertainment • Billionfold Inc. • Blur Studio • Cartuna • Charlex • CMCC Cartoons • DNEG • Digital Domain • Film Roman • Phil Roman Entertainment • Floyd County Productions • Fred Wolf Films • Fuzzy Door Productions • Genius Brands • Wow Unlimited Media • Frederator Studios • Frederator Films • Hasbro • Entertainment One • Joe Murray Productions • Justin Roiland's Solo Vanity Card Productions! • Kinofilm • Klasky Csupo • Laika • Lee Mendelson Films • Melendez Films • Little Airplane Productions • Man of Action Entertainment • Mattel • Mexopolis • Mirari Films • Mondo Media • 6 Point Harness • Netflix Animation • Noble • Omation Animation Studio • Parallax Studio • Powerhouse Animation Studios • Psyop • Radical Axis • Reel FX Creative Studios • Renegade Animation • Amblimation • Animation Collective • Animation Lab • Animation Magic • Blue Sky Studios • Bolder Media • Cambria Productions • Cartoon Pizza • Chorion • Circle 7 Animation • Cookie Jar • Copernicus Studios • Crest Animation Productions • Curious Pictures • DePatie–Freleng Enterprises • DIC Entertainment • Disneytoon Studios • DNA Productions • Famous Studios • Filmation • Fleischer Studios • Format Films • Fox Animation Studios • Funimation • Golden Films • Hanna-Barbera • HIT Entertainment • Jetlag Productions • Kanbar Animation • Kroyer Films • Laugh-O-Gram Studio • Marvel Productions • Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Animation • MGM Animation/Visual Arts • MGM Cartoons • MoonScoop • Pacific Data Images • PorchLight Entertainment • Prana Studios • Rankin/Bass Animated Entertainment • Rhythm and Hues Studios • Ruby-Spears • Saban Entertainment • Screen Gems • Rough Draft Studios • Rovio Animation • Screen Novelties • Scholastic • Weston Woods Studios • SD Entertainment • ShadowMachine • Skydance Animation • Snee-Oosh, Inc. • Splash Entertainment • Sprite Animation Studios • Stretch Films • Stoopid Buddy Stoodios • Tau Films • Threshold Entertainment • Titmouse, Inc. • The ULULU Company • United Plankton Pictures • Vanguard Animation • WildBrain • Wild Canary Animation • World Events Productions • Worker Studio • 41 Entertainment • 4Kids Entertainment • 70/30 Productions • Adelaide Productions • Adventure Cartoon Productions • Skellington Productions • Soup2Nuts • Spümcø • Sullivan Bluth Studios • Sunbow Entertainment • Terrytoons • United Productions of America • Van Beuren Studios • Walter Lantz Productions • Warner Bros. Cartoons • Will Vinton Studios • Zodiac Entertainment
Industry associations The Animation Guild, I.A.T.S.E. Local 839 • ASIFA-Hollywood
Awards Academy Awards • Annie Awards • Daytime Emmy Award • Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards • Primetime Emmy Award
History Silent era • Golden age (World War II) • Television era • Modern era
Genres Animated Infomercial • Animated sitcom • Buddy film • Comedy-drama • Superhero fiction • Western
Related topics American comics (History of American comics • Tijuana bible) • Humorous Phases of Funny Faces • Flash animation
Category Category
NBCUniversal
Part of Comcast

Film studios:
Universal Pictures (Others | Trailer variants | Closing variants | Logo Variations) | DreamWorks Pictures (Others | Trailer variants | Closing variants | Logo Variations) | DreamWorks Animation (Others | Trailer variants | Closing variants | Logo Variations) | Universal 1440 Entertainment | Universal Studios Family Productions | Universal Animation Studios | Focus Features (Others) | Focus World | Working Title Films | Illumination (Illumination Mac Guff) (Others | Logo Variations) | United International Pictures8 | NBCUniversal Entertainment Japan | NBC Sports Films | OTL Releasing

NBCUniversal Television Group:
Universal Television (Others) | Universal Television Alternative Studios | NBCUniversal Television Distribution | Universal Cable Productions | Peacock Productions | NBCUniversal International Studios | LXTV | DreamWorks Animation Television (Others) | Working Title Television | Bravo Originals | Syfy Originals

U.S. broadcast networks:
NBC (HD) | Telemundo (HD) | Cozi TV | Telexitos

NBCUniversal Owned Television Stations:
NBC O&Os: KNBC | KNSD | KNTV | KXAS-TV | WBTS-LD/WYCN-CD | WCAU | WMAQ-TV | WNBC | WRC-TV | WTVJ | WVIT
 Telemundo O&Os: KBLR | KDEN-TV | KEJT-CD | KHRR | KNSO1 | KSTS | KTAZ | KTDO | KTLM | KTMD | KVDA | KVEA | KXTX-TV | WDMR-CD | WKAQ-TV | WNEU | WNJU | WRDM-CD | WRIW-CD | WRMD-CD | WRTD-CD | WSCV | WSNS-TV | WTMO-CD | WWSI | WWDT-CD | WZDC-CD | WZTD-LD
 Other: K15CU-D

NBCUniversal Cable Entertainment:
Bravo | CNBC (World) | E! | Golf Channel | MSNBC | NBCSN | Universo | NHL Network | Olympic Channel14 | Oxygen | Syfy (HD | Other) | Universal Kids (Others) | USA Network (HD) | New England Cable News

NBCUniversal International Networks:
Universal TV (UK | Latin America | Africa) | Syfy (Latin America) | DreamWorks Channel | 13th Street Universal (Calle 13 Universal | 13ème Rue Universal) | Diva | Studio Universal (Italy | Latin America | Africa) | E! (Canada | Latin America) | Telemundo Internacional | Golf Channel (Latin America)10 | CNBC (Africa | Arabia | Asia | Australia | Europe | India 15 (CNBC-TV18 (HD), CNBC Awaaz and CNBC Bajar) | Indonesia16 | Latin America | Pakistan) | Movies 24 | Movies 24+ | EuronewsNBC13

NBC Sports Regional Networks:
Bay Area | Boston | California | Chicago | Northwest | Philadelphia | Washington | SportsNet New York

Universal Parks & Resorts:
Universal Studios Hollywood | Universal Orlando Resort | (Cabana Bay Beach Resort | Hard Rock Hotel | Loews Portofino Bay Hotel | Loews Royal Pacific Resort | Loews Sapphire Falls Resort | Universal Studios Florida | Universal's Islands of Adventure | Volcano Bay) | Universal Studios Japan | Universal Studios Singapore | Universal Studios Dubailand | Universal CityWalk | Universal Creative

Other assets:
Fandango | Movieclips | Flixster | Rotten Tomatoes | Movies.com | Hulu (30%) | NBC Sports Group | Universal Pictures Home Entertainment | Green is Universal | NBC News | NBC Sports | NBC Olympics | NBC Kids | NBC On Demand | NBCUniversal News Group | NBCUniversal Telemundo Enterprises | NBCUniversal International Distribution | Universal Brand Development | Universal Sony Pictures Home Entertainment10 | NBC Sports Digital | PictureBox Films | Hayu | SportsEngine | Telemundo Deportes | RTI Producciones (40%) | Amblin Partners 12 | Craftsy | Movies Anywhere | Dark Universe | NBCi | Bluprint

Defunct/Dissolved:
Universal Cartoons | MCA Family Entertainment | Walter Lantz Productions | Revue Studios | Kayro-UTV Productions | MCA | MCA TV | MCA Television Entertainment | MCA DiscoVision | Seagram's | Universal Eight | NBC Films | NBC Studios | NBC Enterprises | NBC International | NBC Home Video | Castle Films | Universal Pay Television | Multimedia Entertainment | Universal Worldwide Television | Universal Television Entertainment | USA Network Originals | Studios USA | International Pictures | Island Pictures | October Films | Universal Focus | USA Films | NBC Plus | NBC Nonstop | Diva TV | Exercise TV | Hallmark Channel (International) | MountainWest Sports Network | Good Machine | Cinema International Corporation8 | CIC Video8 | Comcast/Charter Sports Southeast | Comcast Sports Southwest | KidsCo5 | Fearnet2 | ITC Entertainment Group6 | ITC Film Distributors6 | Multimedia Motion Pictures | Associated Film Distribution7 | PolyGram Filmed Entertainment | PolyGram Television | PolyGram Video | Interscope Communications | USA Home Entertainment | USA Cartoon Express | NBC Universal Television Studio | Universal Media Studios | Universal Network Television | Propaganda Films | G4 (HD) | MSNBC Canada | Universal Sports4 | Qubo9 | CBS Telenoticias | FilmDistrict | Cloo | Esquire Network3 | Universal HD | Gramercy Pictures | Comcast Network | Wet 'n Wild Orlando | iVillage | DailyCandy | Chiller | Chiller Films | Seeso | FlixMix

Notes
1NBCUniversal owns the station, but it is operated by Serestar Communications.
2Co-owned with Sony Pictures Entertainment and Lions Gate Entertainment Corporation.
3Co-owned with Hearst Corporation.
4Owns a minority share, InterMedia Partners owns a majority share.
5Co-owned with Corus Entertainment.
6NBCUniversal acquired some of ITC's assets when Universal Pictures merged with PolyGram, but ITV plc still owns ITC's films and shows.
7NBCUniversal has some of AFD's assets, but Vivendi now owns EMI's films and ITV plc owns ITC's films.
8Co-owned with Paramount Pictures.
9Joint venture with Ion Media Networks, DreamWorks Classics, Corus Entertainment and Scholastic.
10Joint venture with Sony Pictures Entertainment.
11Owned by Simple Networks and Inversiones Bahía and operated by Imagina US, under brand license
12Co-owned with The Amblin Group, Participant Media, Entertainment One, Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group, and Alibaba Group.
13Co-owned with Media Globe Networks and European public broadcasters.
14Co-owned with the United States Olympic Committee.
15Co-owned with TV18.
16Co-owned with Trans Corp.

NBCUniversal 2011
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