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Marvel Comics

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 This article is about the comic book company using this name beginning in 1961. For the earlier comic book series, see Marvel Mystery Comics.


Marvel Comics is the brand name and primary imprint of Marvel Worldwide Inc., formerly Marvel Publishing, Inc. and Marvel Comics Group, a publisher of American comic books and related media. In 2009, The Walt Disney Company acquired Marvel Entertainment, Marvel Worldwide's parent company.

Marvel started in 1939 as Timely Publications, and by the early 1950s, had generally become known as Atlas Comics. The Marvel branding began in 1961, the year that the company launched The Fantastic Four and other superhero titles created by Steve Ditko, Stan Lee, Jack Kirby and many others.

Marvel counts among its characters such well-known superheroes as Spider-Man, Iron Man, Captain America, Thor, the Hulk, Captain Marvel, Black Panther, Deadpool, Doctor Strange, Wolverine, Daredevil, Ghost Rider and the Punisher, such teams as the Avengers, the X-Men, the Fantastic Four, the Inhumans and the Guardians of the Galaxy, and antagonists including Thanos, Doctor Doom, Magneto, Red Skull, Green Goblin, Ultron, Doctor Octopus, Loki, and Venom. Most of Marvel's fictional characters operate in a single reality known as the Marvel Universe, with most locations mirroring real-life places; many major characters are based in New York City.[2]

History[]

Timely Publications[]

Main article(s): Timely Comics
File:MarvelComics1.jpg

Marvel Comics #1 (Oct. 1939), the first comic from Marvel precursor Timely Comics. Cover art by Frank R. Paul.

Pulp-magazine publisher Martin Goodman founded the company later known as Marvel Comics under the name Timely Publications in 1939.[3][4] Goodman, who had started with a Western pulp in 1933, was expanding into the emerging—and by then already highly popular—new medium of comic books. Launching his new line from his existing company's offices at 330 West 42nd Street, New York City, he officially held the titles of editor, managing editor, and business manager, with Abraham Goodman (Martin's brother)[5] officially listed as publisher.[4]

Timely's first publication, Marvel Comics #1 (cover dated Oct. 1939), included the first appearance of Carl Burgos' android superhero the Human Torch, and the first appearances of Bill Everett's anti-hero Namor the Sub-Mariner,[6] among other features.[3] The issue was a great success; it and a second printing the following month sold a combined nearly 900,000 copies.[7] While its contents came from an outside packager, Funnies, Inc.,[3] Timely had its own staff in place by the following year. The company's first true editor, writer-artist Joe Simon, teamed with artist Jack Kirby to create one of the first patriotically themed superheroes,[8] Captain America, in Captain America Comics #1 (March 1941). It, too, proved a hit, with sales of nearly one million.[7] Goodman formed Timely Comics, Inc., beginning with comics cover-dated April 1941 or Spring 1941.[9][10]

While no other Timely character would achieve the success of these three characters, some notable heroes—many of which continue to appear in modern-day retcon appearances and flashbacks—include the Whizzer, Miss America, the Destroyer, the original Vision, and the Angel. Timely also published one of humor cartoonist Basil Wolverton's best-known features, "Powerhouse Pepper",[11][12] as well as a line of children's funny-animal comics featuring characters like Super Rabbit and the duo Ziggy Pig and Silly Seal.

Goodman hired his wife's cousin,[13] Stanley Lieber, as a general office assistant in 1939.[14] When editor Simon left the company in late 1941,[15] Goodman made Lieber—by then writing pseudonymously as "Stan Lee"—interim editor of the comics line, a position Lee kept for decades except for three years during his military service in World War II. Lee wrote extensively for Timely, contributing to a number of different titles.

Goodman's business strategy involved having his various magazines and comic books published by a number of corporations all operating out of the same office and with the same staff.[10] One of these shell companies through which Timely Comics was published was named Marvel Comics by at least Marvel Mystery Comics #55 (May 1944). As well, some comics' covers, such as All Surprise Comics #12 (Winter 1946–47), were labeled "A Marvel Magazine" many years before Goodman would formally adopt the name in 1961.[16]

Atlas Comics[]

Main article(s): Atlas Comics (1950s)

The post-war American comic market saw superheroes falling out of fashion.[17] Goodman's comic book line dropped them for the most part and expanded into a wider variety of genres than even Timely had published, featuring horror, Westerns, humor, funny animal, men's adventure-drama, giant monster, crime, and war comics, and later adding jungle books, romance titles, espionage, and even medieval adventure, Bible stories and sports.

Goodman began using the globe logo of the Atlas News Company, the newsstand-distribution company he owned,[18] on comics cover-dated November 1951 even though another company, Kable News, continued to distribute his comics through the August 1952 issues.[19] This globe branding united a line put out by the same publisher, staff and freelancers through 59 shell companies, from Animirth Comics to Zenith Publications.[20]

Atlas, rather than innovate, took a proven route of following popular trends in television and movies—Westerns and war dramas prevailing for a time, drive-in movie monsters another time—and even other comic books, particularly the EC horror line.[21] Atlas also published a plethora of children's and teen humor titles, including Dan DeCarlo's Homer the Happy Ghost (similar to Casper the Friendly Ghost) and Homer Hooper (à la Archie Andrews). Atlas unsuccessfully attempted to revive superheroes from late 1953 to mid-1954, with the Human Torch (art by Syd Shores and Dick Ayers, variously), the Sub-Mariner (drawn and most stories written by Bill Everett), and Captain America (writer Stan Lee, artist John Romita Sr.). Atlas did not achieve any breakout hits and, according to Stan Lee, Atlas survived chiefly because it produced work quickly, cheaply, and at a passable quality.[22]

File:Fantastic Four Vol 1 01 Cover.jpg

The Fantastic Four #1 (Nov. 1961). Cover art by Jack Kirby (penciler) and unconfirmed inker.

Marvel Comics[]

The first modern comic books under the Marvel Comics brand were the science-fiction anthology Journey into Mystery #69 and the teen-humor title Patsy Walker #95 (both cover dated June 1961), which each displayed an "MC" box on its cover.[23] Then, in the wake of DC Comics' success in reviving superheroes in the late 1950s and early 1960s, particularly with the Flash, Green Lantern, and other members of the team the Justice League of America, Marvel followed suit.[n 1]

In 1961, writer-editor Stan Lee revolutionized superhero comics by introducing superheroes designed to appeal to older readers than the predominantly child audiences of the medium. Modern Marvel's first superhero team, the titular stars of The Fantastic Four #1 (Nov. 1961),[24] broke convention with other comic book archetypes of the time by squabbling, holding grudges both deep and petty, and eschewing anonymity or secret identities in favor of celebrity status. Subsequently, Marvel comics developed a reputation for focusing on characterization and adult issues to a greater extent than most superhero comics before them, a quality which the new generation of older readers appreciated.[25] This applied to The Amazing Spider-Man title in particular, which turned out to be Marvel's most successful book. Its young hero suffered from self-doubt and mundane problems like any other teenager, something with which many readers could identify.

Lee and freelance artist and eventual co-plotter Jack Kirby's Fantastic Four originated in a Cold War culture that led their creators to revise the superhero conventions of previous eras to better reflect the psychological spirit of their age.[26] Eschewing such comic-book tropes as secret identities and even costumes at first, having a monster as one of the heroes, and having its characters bicker and complain in what was later called a "superheroes in the real world" approach, the series represented a change that proved to be a great success.[27]

Marvel often presented flawed superheroes, freaks, and misfits—unlike the perfect, handsome, athletic heroes found in previous traditional comic books. Some Marvel heroes looked like villains and monsters such as the Hulk and the Thing. This naturalistic approach even extended into topical politics.

Comics historian Mike Benton also noted: Template:Bquote

All of these elements struck a chord with the older readers, such as college-aged adults. In 1965, Spider-Man and the Hulk were both featured in Esquire magazine's list of 28 college campus heroes, alongside John F. Kennedy and Bob Dylan.[28] In 2009, writer Geoff Boucher reflected that, "Superman and DC Comics instantly seemed like boring old Pat Boone; Marvel felt like The Beatles and the British Invasion. It was Kirby's artwork with its tension and psychedelia that made it perfect for the times—or was it Lee's bravado and melodrama, which was somehow insecure and brash at the same time?"[29]

In addition to Spider-Man and the Fantastic Four, Marvel began publishing further superhero titles featuring such heroes and antiheroes as the Hulk, Thor, Ant-Man, Iron Man, the X-Men, Daredevil, the Inhumans, Black Panther, Doctor Strange, Captain Marvel and the Silver Surfer, and such memorable antagonists as Doctor Doom, Magneto, Galactus, Loki, the Green Goblin, and Doctor Octopus, all existing in a shared reality known as the Marvel Universe, with locations that mirror real-life cities such as New York, Los Angeles and Chicago.

Marvel even lampooned itself and other comics companies in a parody comic, Not Brand Echh (a play on Marvel's dubbing of other companies as "Brand Echh", à la the then-common phrase "Brand X").[30]

File:Avengers4.jpg

The Avengers #4 (March 1964), with (from left to right), the Wasp, Giant-Man, Captain America, Iron Man, Thor and (inset) the Sub-Mariner. Cover art by Jack Kirby and George Roussos.

Cadence Industries ownership[]

In 1968, while selling 50 million comic books a year, company founder Goodman revised the constraining distribution arrangement with Independent News he had reached under duress during the Atlas years, allowing him now to release as many titles as demand warranted.[18] Late that year, he sold Marvel Comics and its parent company, Magazine Management, to the Perfect Film and Chemical Corporation, with Goodman remaining as publisher.[31] In 1969, Goodman finally ended his distribution deal with Independent by signing with Curtis Circulation Company.[18]

In 1971, the United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare approached Marvel Comics editor-in-chief Stan Lee to do a comic book story about drug abuse. Lee agreed and wrote a three-part Spider-Man story portraying drug use as dangerous and unglamorous. However, the industry's self-censorship board, the Comics Code Authority, refused to approve the story because of the presence of narcotics, deeming the context of the story irrelevant. Lee, with Goodman's approval, published the story regardless in The Amazing Spider-Man #96–98 (May–July 1971), without the Comics Code seal. The market reacted well to the storyline, and the CCA subsequently revised the Code the same year.[32]

Goodman retired as publisher in 1972 and installed his son, Chip, as publisher.[33] Shortly thereafter, Lee succeeded him as publisher and also became Marvel's president[33] for a brief time.[34] During his time as president, he appointed his associate editor, prolific writer Roy Thomas, as editor-in-chief. Thomas added "Stan Lee Presents" to the opening page of each comic book.[33]

File:Howard The Duck -8.jpg

Howard the Duck #8 (Jan. 1977). Cover art by Gene Colan and Steve Leialoha

A series of new editors-in-chief oversaw the company during another slow time for the industry. Once again, Marvel attempted to diversify, and with the updating of the Comics Code published titles themed to horror (The Tomb of Dracula), martial arts (Shang-Chi: Master of Kung Fu), sword-and-sorcery (Conan the Barbarian in 1970,[35] Red Sonja), satire (Howard the Duck) and science fiction (2001: A Space Odyssey, "Killraven" in Amazing Adventures, Battlestar Galactica, Star Trek, and, late in the decade, the long-running Star Wars series). Some of these were published in larger-format black and white magazines, under its Curtis Magazines imprint.

Marvel was able to capitalize on its successful superhero comics of the previous decade by acquiring a new newsstand distributor and greatly expanding its comics line. Marvel pulled ahead of rival DC Comics in 1972, during a time when the price and format of the standard newsstand comic were in flux.[36] Goodman increased the price and size of Marvel's November 1971 cover-dated comics from 15 cents for 36 pages total to 25 cents for 52 pages. DC followed suit, but Marvel the following month dropped its comics to 20 cents for 36 pages, offering a lower-priced product with a higher distributor discount.[37]

In 1973, Perfect Film and Chemical renamed itself as Cadence Industries and renamed Magazine Management as Marvel Comics Group.[38] Goodman, now disconnected from Marvel, set up a new company called Seaboard Periodicals in 1974, reviving Marvel's old Atlas name for a new Atlas Comics line, but this lasted only a year and a half.[39] In the mid-1970s a decline of the newsstand distribution network affected Marvel. Cult hits such as Howard the Duck fell victim to the distribution problems, with some titles reporting low sales when in fact the first specialty comic book stores resold them at a later date.[citation needed] But by the end of the decade, Marvel's fortunes were reviving, thanks to the rise of direct market distribution—selling through those same comics-specialty stores instead of newsstands.

Marvel ventured into audio in 1975 with a radio series and a record, both had Stan Lee as narrator. The radio series was Fantastic Four. The record was Spider-Man: Rock Reflections of a Superhero concept album for music fans.[40]

File:Secretwars1.png

Marvel Super Heroes Secret Wars #1 (May 1984). Cover art by Mike Zeck.[41]

Marvel held its own comic book convention, Marvelcon '75, in spring 1975, and promised a Marvelcon '76. At the 1975 event, Stan Lee used a Fantastic Four panel discussion to announce that Jack Kirby, the artist co-creator of most of Marvel's signature characters, was returning to Marvel after having left in 1970 to work for rival DC Comics.[42] In October 1976, Marvel, which already licensed reprints in different countries, including the UK, created a superhero specifically for the British market. Captain Britain debuted exclusively in the UK, and later appeared in American comics.[43] During this time, Marvel and the Iowa-based Register and Tribune Syndicate launched a number of syndicated comic strips — The Amazing Spider-Man, Howard the Duck, Conan the Barbarian, and The Incredible Hulk. None of the strips lasted past 1982, except for The Amazing Spider-Man, which is still being published.

In 1978, Jim Shooter became Marvel's editor-in-chief. Although a controversial personality, Shooter cured many of the procedural ills at Marvel, including repeatedly missed deadlines. During Shooter's nine-year tenure as editor-in-chief, Chris Claremont and John Byrne's run on the Uncanny X-Men and Frank Miller's run on Daredevil became critical and commercial successes.[44] Shooter brought Marvel into the rapidly evolving direct market,[45] institutionalized creator royalties, starting with the Epic Comics imprint for creator-owned material in 1982; introduced company-wide crossover story arcs with Contest of Champions and Secret Wars; and in 1986 launched the ultimately unsuccessful New Universe line to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the Marvel Comics imprint. Star Comics, a children-oriented line differing from the regular Marvel titles, was briefly successful during this period.

Despite Marvel's successes in the early 1980s, it lost ground to rival DC in the latter half of the decade as many former Marvel stars defected to the competitor. DC scored critical and sales victories[46] with titles and limited series such as Watchmen, Batman: The Dark Knight Returns, Crisis on Infinite Earths, Byrne's revamp of Superman, and Alan Moore's Swamp Thing.

Marvel Entertainment Group ownership[]

In 1986, Marvel's parent, Marvel Entertainment Group, was sold to New World Entertainment, which within three years sold it to MacAndrews and Forbes, owned by Revlon executive Ronald Perelman in 1989. In 1991 Perelman took MEG public. Following the rapid rise of this stock, Perelman issued a series of junk bonds that he used to acquire other entertainment companies, secured by MEG stock.[47]

File:Marvel Comics 1990 logo.svg

Marvel's logo, circa 1990s.

Marvel earned a great deal of money with their 1980s children's comics imprint Star Comics and they earned a great deal more money and worldwide success during the comic book boom of the early 1990s, launching the successful 2099 line of comics set in the future (Spider-Man 2099, etc.) and the creatively daring though commercially unsuccessful Razorline imprint of superhero comics created by novelist and filmmaker Clive Barker.[48][49] In 1990, Marvel began selling Marvel Universe Cards with trading card maker SkyBox International. These were collectible trading cards that featured the characters and events of the Marvel Universe. The 1990s saw the rise of variant covers, cover enhancements, swimsuit issues, and company-wide crossovers that affected the overall continuity of the Marvel Universe.

File:Spiderman1cover.jpg

Spider-Man #1, later renamed "Peter Parker: Spider-Man" (August 1990; second printing). Cover art by Todd McFarlane.

Marvel suffered a blow in early 1992, when seven of its most prized artists — Todd McFarlane (known for his work on Spider-Man), Jim Lee (X-Men), Rob Liefeld (X-Force), Marc Silvestri (Wolverine), Erik Larsen (The Amazing Spider-Man), Jim Valentino (Guardians of the Galaxy), and Whilce Portacio (Uncanny X-Men) — left to form Image Comics[50] in a deal brokered by Malibu Comics' owner Scott Mitchell Rosenberg.[51] Three years later Rosenberg sold Malibu to Marvel on November 3, 1994,[52][53][54] who acquired the then-leading standard for computer coloring of comic books (developed by Rosenberg) in the process,[55] but also integrating the Ultraverse into Marvel's multiverse and ownership of the Genesis Universe.

In late 1994, Marvel acquired the comic book distributor Heroes World Distribution to use as its own exclusive distributor.[56] As the industry's other major publishers made exclusive distribution deals with other companies, the ripple effect resulted in the survival of only one other major distributor in North America, Diamond Comic Distributors Inc.[57][58] Then, by the middle of the decade, the industry had slumped, and in December 1996 MEG filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.[47] In early 1997, when Marvel's Heroes World endeavor failed, Diamond also forged an exclusive deal with Marvel[59]—giving the company its own section of its comics catalog Previews.[60]

In 1996, Marvel had some of its titles participate in "Heroes Reborn", a crossover that allowed Marvel to relaunch some of its flagship characters such as the Avengers and the Fantastic Four, and outsource them to the studios of two of the former Marvel artists turned Image Comics founders, Jim Lee and Rob Liefeld. The relaunched titles, which saw the characters transported to a parallel universe with a history distinct from the mainstream Marvel Universe, were a solid success amidst a generally struggling industry,[61] but Marvel discontinued the experiment after a one-year run and returned the characters to the Marvel Universe proper.

Marvel Enterprises[]

In 1997, Toy Biz bought Marvel Entertainment Group to end the bankruptcy, forming a new corporation, Marvel Enterprises.[47] With his business partner Avi Arad, publisher Bill Jemas, and editor-in-chief Bob Harras, Toy Biz co-owner Isaac Perlmutter helped stabilize the comics line.[62]

In 1998, the company launched the imprint Marvel Knights, taking place just outside Marvel continuity with better production qualtity. The imprint was helmed by soon-to-become editor-in-chief Joe Quesada; it featured tough, gritty stories showcasing such characters as the Daredevil,[63] Inhumans and Black Panther.

With the new millennium, Marvel Comics emerged from bankruptcy and again began diversifying its offerings. In 2001, Marvel withdrew from the Comics Code Authority and established its own Marvel Rating System for comics. The first title from this era to not have the code was X-Force #119 (October 2001). Marvel also created new imprints, such as MAX (an explicit-content line) and Marvel Adventures (developed for child audiences). In addition, the company created an alternate universe imprint, Ultimate Marvel, that allowed the company to reboot its major titles by revising and updating its characters to introduce to a new generation.

Some of its characters have been turned into successful film franchises, such as the Men in Black movie series, starting in 1997, Blade movie series, starting in 1998, X-Men movie series, starting in 2000, and the highest grossing series Spider-Man, beginning in 2002.[64]

Marvel's Conan the Barbarian title stopped in 1993 after 275 issues. The Savage Sword of Conan magazine had 235 issues. Marvel published additional titles including miniseries until 2000 for a total of 650 issues. Conan was pick up by Dark Horse three years later.[35]

In a cross-promotion, the November 1, 2006, episode of the CBS soap opera The Guiding Light, titled "She's a Marvel", featured the character Harley Davidson Cooper (played by Beth Ehlers) as a superheroine named the Guiding Light.[65] The character's story continued in an eight-page backup feature, "A New Light", that appeared in several Marvel titles published November 1 and 8.[66] Also that year, Marvel created a wiki on its Web site.[67]

In late 2007 the company launched Marvel Digital Comics Unlimited, a digital archive of over 2,500 back issues available for viewing, for a monthly or annual subscription fee.[68]

In 2009 Marvel Comics closed its Open Submissions Policy, in which the company had accepted unsolicited samples from aspiring comic book artists, saying the time-consuming review process had produced no suitably professional work.[69] The same year, the company commemorated its 70th anniversary, dating to its inception as Timely Comics, by issuing the one-shot Marvel Mystery Comics 70th Anniversary Special #1 and a variety of other special issues.[70][71]

Disney conglomerate unit (2009-present)[]

File:6.21.10BrubakerGageFractionBendisByLuigiNovi1.jpg

Writers of Marvel titles in the 2010s include (seated left to right) Ed Brubaker, Christos Gage, Matt Fraction, and Brian Michael Bendis.

On August 31, 2009, The Walt Disney Company announced a deal to acquire Marvel Comics' parent corporation, Marvel Entertainment, for $4 billion[72] or $4.2 billion,[73] with Marvel shareholders to receive $30 and 0.745 Disney shares for each share of Marvel they own.[72] As of 2008, Marvel and its major, longtime competitor DC Comics shared over 80% of the American comic-book market.[74] As of September 2010, Marvel switched its bookstores distribution company from Diamond Book Distributors to Hachette Distribution Services.[75]

Marvel relaunched the CrossGen imprint, owned by Disney Publishing Worldwide, in March 2011.[76] Marvel and Disney Publishing began jointly publishing Disney/Pixar Presents magazine that May.[77]

Marvel discontinued its Marvel Adventures imprint in March 2012,[78] and replaced them with a line of two titles connected to the Marvel Universe TV block.[79] Also in March, Marvel announced its Marvel ReEvolution initiative that included Infinite Comics,[80] a line of digital comics, Marvel AR, an application software that provides an augmented reality experience to readers and Marvel NOW!, a relaunch of most of the company's major titles with different creative teams.[81][82] Marvel NOW! also saw the debut of new flagship titles including Uncanny Avengers and All-New X-Men.[83]

In April 2013, Marvel and other Disney conglomerate components began announcing joint projects. With ABC, a Once Upon a Time graphic novel was announced for publication in September.[84] With Disney, Marvel announced in October 2013 that in January 2014 it would release its first title under their joint "Disney Kingdoms" imprint "Seekers of the Weird", a five-issue miniseries.[73] On January 3, 2014, fellow Disney subsidiary Lucasfilm announced that as of 2015, Star Wars comics would once again be published by Marvel.[85]

Following the events of the company-wide crossover "Secret Wars" in 2015, a relaunched Marvel universe began in September 2015, called the All-New, All-Different Marvel.[86]

Marvel Legacy was the company's Fall 2017 relaunch banner starting in September. The banner had comics with lenticular variant covers which required comic book stores to double their regular issue order to be able to order the variants. The owner of two Comix Experience stores complained about the set up of forcing retailers to be stuck with copies they cannot sell for the variant that they can sell. With other complaints too, Marvel did adjust down requirements for new titles no adjustment was made for any other. Thusforthly MyComicShop.com and at least 70 other comic book stores were boycotting these variant covers.[87] With a handful of Marvel movies, Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2, Logan, Thor: Ragnarok and Spider-Man: Homecoming, in theaters, none of those characters' titles were in the top 10 and even the Guardians of the Galaxy comic book series was canceled. Thus films do not affect comic book sales.[88] Conan Properties International announced on January 12, 2018 that Conan would return to Marvel in early 2019.[35]

On January 19, 2018, Joshua Yehl, editor of ign.com, speculated on potential changes if Disney's Proposed acquisition of 21st Century Fox goes through. He expects Fox franchises licensed out to other firms would be moved to Marvel and that Fox's Marvel film properties would be treated better by the publishing division.[89] However, Marvel had licensed Archie Comics to publish Marvel Digests collections for the newsstand market.[90] While Disney has licensed IDW Publishing to produce the classic, all-ages Disney comics since the Marvel purchase[91] and a Big Hero 6 comic book to go along with the TV series despite the fact that the Disney movie was based on a Marvel Comic book. Then on July 17, 2018, Marvel Entertainment announced the licensing of Marvel characters to IDW for a line of middle-grade reader market comic books to start publishing in November 2018.[90]

Officers[]

  • Michael Z. Hobson, executive vice president;[92] Marvel Comics Group vice-president (1986)[93]
  • Stan Lee, Chairman and Publisher (1986)[93]
  • Joseph Calamari, executive vice president (1986)[93]
  • Jim Shooter, vice president and Editor-in-Chief (1986)[93]

Publishers[]

  • Abraham Goodman, 1939[4]–?
  • Martin Goodman, 1939–1972[33]
  • Charles "Chip" Goodman 1972[33]
  • Stan Lee, 1972 – October 1996[33][34][92]
  • Shirrel Rhoades, October 1996 – October 1998[92]
  • Winston Fowlkes, February 1998 – November 1999[92]
  • Bill Jemas, February 2000 – 2003[92]
  • Dan Buckley, 2003–[94] 2018
  • John Nee, 2018–present[95]

Editors-in-chief[]

Marvel's chief editor originally held the title of "editor". This head editor's title later became "editor-in-chief". Joe Simon was the company's first true chief-editor, with publisher Martin Goodman, who had served as titular editor only and outsourced editorial operations.

In 1994 Marvel briefly abolished the position of editor-in-chief, replacing Tom DeFalco with five group editors-in-chief. As Carl Potts described the 1990s editorial arrangement:

"In the early '90s, Marvel had so many titles that there were three Executive Editors, each overseeing approximately 1/3 of the line. Bob Budiansky was the third Executive Editor [following the previously appointed Mark Gruenwald and Potts]. We all answered to Editor-in-Chief Tom DeFalco and Publisher Mike Hobson. All three Executive Editors decided not to add our names to the already crowded credits on the Marvel titles. Therefore it wasn't easy for readers to tell which titles were produced by which Executive Editor … In late '94, Marvel reorganized into a number of different publishing divisions, each with its own Editor-in-Chief.[96]"

Marvel reinstated the overall editor-in-chief position in 1995 with Bob Harras.

| align="left" valign="top" |

Editor
  • Martin Goodman (1939–1940; titular only)[4]
  • Joe Simon (1939–1941)
  • Stan Lee (1941–1942)
  • Vincent Fago (acting editor during Lee's military service) (1942–1945)
  • Stan Lee (1945–1972)
  • Roy Thomas (1972–1974)
  • Len Wein (1974–1975)
  • Marv Wolfman (black-and-white magazines 1974–1975, entire line 1975–1976)
  • Gerry Conway (1976)
  • Archie Goodwin (1976–1978)

| align="left" valign="top" |

Editor-in-chief
  • Jim Shooter (1978–1987)
  • Tom DeFalco (1987–1994)
  • No overall; separate group editors-in-chief (1994–1995)
    • Mark Gruenwald, Universe (Avengers & Cosmic)
    • Bob Harras, Mutant
    • Bob Budiansky, Spider-Man
    • Bobbie Chase, Marvel Edge
    • Carl Potts, Epic Comics & general entertainment[96]
  • Bob Harras (1995–2000)
  • Joe Quesada (2000–2011)
  • Axel Alonso (2011–2017)
  • C. B. Cebulski (2017–present)[97]


Executive Editors[]

Originally called associate editor when Marvel's chief editor just carried the title of editor, the title of the next highest editorial position became executive editor under the chief editor title of editor-in-chief. The title of associate editor later was revived under the editor-in-chief as an editorial position in charge of few titles under the direction of an editor and without an assistant editor.

Associate Editor
  • Chris Claremont,[citation needed] ?–1976
  • Jim Shooter, January 5, 1976 – January 2, 1978[98]


Executive Editor
  • Tom DeFalco, 1987
  • Mark Gruenwald, 1987–1994, senior editor: 1995–1996
  • Carl Potts, Epic 1989–1994,[96] 1995–
  • Bob Budiansky, early '90s – 1994[96]
  • Bobbie Chase, 1995–2001
  • Tom Brevoort, 2007–present[99]
  • Axel Alonso, 2010 – January 2011[100]


Ownership[]

  • Martin Goodman (1939–1968)
Parent corporation

Offices[]

Located in New York City, Marvel has had successive headquarters:

  • in the McGraw-Hill Building,[4][101] where it originated as Timely Comics in 1939
  • in suite 1401 of the Empire State Building[101]
  • at 635 Madison Avenue (the actual location, though the comic books' indicia listed the parent publishing-company's address of 625 Madison Ave.)[101]
  • 575 Madison Avenue;[101]
  • 387 Park Avenue South[101]
  • 10 East 40th Street[101]
  • 417 Fifth Avenue[101]
  • a Script error: No such module "convert". space at 135 W. 50th Street[102][103]

Market share[]

Template:Recentism In 2017, Marvel held a 38.30% share of the comics market, compared to its competitor DC Comics' 33.93%.[104] By comparison, the companies respectively held 33.50% and 30.33% shares in 2013, and 40.81% and 29.94% shares in 2008.[105]

Marvel characters in other media[]

Marvel characters and stories have been adapted to many other media. Some of these adaptations were produced by Marvel Comics and its sister company, Marvel Studios, while others were produced by companies licensing Marvel material.

Games[]

In June 1993, Marvel issued its collectable caps for milk caps game under the Hero Caps brand.[106] In 2014, the Marvel Disk Wars: The Avengers Japanese TV series was launched together with a collectible game called Bachicombat, a game similar to the milk caps game, by Bandai.[107]

Collectible card games[]

The RPG industry brought the development of the collectible card game (CCG) in the early 1990s which there were soon Marvel characters were featured in CCG of their own starting in 1995 with Fleer's OverPower (1995–1999). Later collectible card game were:

  • Marvel Superstars (2010–?) Upper Deck Company
  • ReCharge Collectible Card Game (2001–? ) Marvel
  • Vs. System (2004–2009, 2014–) Upper Deck Company
  • X-Men Trading Card Game (2000–?) Wizards of the Coast

Role-playing[]

Main article(s): List of Marvel RPG supplements

TSR published the pen-and-paper role-playing game Marvel Super Heroes in 1984. TSR then released in 1998 the Marvel Super Heroes Adventure Game which used a different system, the card-based SAGA system, than their first game. In 2003 Marvel Publishing published its own role-playing game, the Marvel Universe Roleplaying Game, that used a diceless stone pool system.[108] In August 2011 Margaret Weis Productions announced it was developing a tabletop role-playing game based on the Marvel universe, set for release in February 2012 using its house Cortex Plus RPG system.[109]

Video games[]

Main article(s): List of video games based on Marvel Comics

Video games based on Marvel characters go back to 1984 and the Atari game, Spider-Man. Since then several dozen video games have been released and all have been produced by outside licensees. In 2014, Disney Infinity 2.0: Marvel Super Heroes was released that brought Marvel characters to the existing Disney sandbox video game.

Films[]

Main article(s): List of films based on Marvel Comics

As of the start of September 2015, films based on Marvel's properties represent the highest-grossing U.S. franchise, having grossed over $7.7 billion [110] as part of a worldwide gross of over $18 billion.

Live shows[]

  • The Marvel Experience (2014–)
  • Marvel Universe Live! (2014–) live arena show
  • Spider-Man Live! (2002–2003)
  • Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark (2011–2014) a Broadway musical

Prose novels[]

Main article(s): Marvel Books and Marvel Press

Marvel first licensed two prose novels to Bantam Books, who printed The Avengers Battle the Earth Wrecker by Otto Binder (1967) and Captain America: The Great Gold Steal by Ted White (1968). Various publishers took up the licenses from 1978 to 2002. Also, with the various licensed films being released beginning in 1997, various publishers put out movie novelizations.[111] In 2003, following publication of the prose young adult novel Mary Jane, starring Mary Jane Watson from the Spider-Man mythos, Marvel announced the formation of the publishing imprint Marvel Press.[112] However, Marvel moved back to licensing with Pocket Books from 2005 to 2008.[111] With few books issued under the imprint, Marvel and Disney Books Group relaunched Marvel Press in 2011 with the Marvel Origin Storybooks line.[113]

Television programs[]

Main article(s): List of television series based on Marvel Comics

Many television series, both live-action and animated, have based their productions on Marvel Comics characters. These include series for popular characters such as Spider-Man, Iron Man, the Hulk, the Avengers, the X-Men, Fantastic Four, the Guardians of the Galaxy, Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Luke Cage, Iron Fist, the Punisher, the Defenders, S.H.I.E.L.D., Agent Carter, Deadpool, Legion, and others. Additionally, a handful of television movies, usually also pilots, based on Marvel Comics characters have been made.

Theme parks[]

Marvel has licensed its characters for theme parks and attractions, including Marvel Super Hero Island at Universal Orlando's Islands of Adventure[114] in Orlando, Florida, which includes rides based on their iconic characters and costumed performers, as well as The Amazing Adventures of Spider-Man ride cloned from Islands of Adventure to Universal Studios Japan.[115]

Years after Disney purchased Marvel in late 2009, Walt Disney Parks and Resorts plans on creating original Marvel attractions at their theme parks,[116][117] with Hong Kong Disneyland becoming the first Disney theme park to feature a Marvel attraction.[118][119] Due to the licensing agreement with Universal Studios, signed prior to Disney's purchase of Marvel, Walt Disney World and Tokyo Disney are barred from having Marvel characters in their parks.[120] However, this only includes characters that Universal is currently using, other characters in their "families" (X-Men, Avengers, Fantastic Four, etc.), and the villains associated with said characters.[114] This clause has allowed Walt Disney World to have meet and greets, merchandise, attractions and more with other Marvel characters not associated with the characters at Islands of Adventures, such as Star-Lord and Gamora from Guardians of the Galaxy.[121][122]

Imprints[]

  • Disney Kingdoms[73]
  • Marvel Comics
  • Marvel Press, joint imprint with Disney Books Group
  • Icon Comics (creator owned)
  • Infinite Comics
  • Timely Comics

Defunct[]

  • Amalgam Comics
  • CrossGen
  • Curtis Magazines/Marvel Magazine Group
    • Awesome Entertainment
    • Marvel Monsters Group
  • Epic Comics (creator owned) (1982–2004)
  • Malibu Comics (1994–1997)
  • Marvel 2099 (1992–1998)
  • Marvel Absurd
  • Marvel Age/Adventures
  • Marvel Books
  • Marvel Edge
  • Marvel Knights
  • Marvel Illustrated
  • Marvel Mangaverse
  • Marvel Music
  • Marvel Next
  • Marvel Noir
  • Marvel UK
    • Marvel Frontier
  • MAX
  • MC2
  • New Universe
  • Paramount Comics (co-owned with Viacom's Paramount Pictures)
  • Razorline
  • Star Comics
  • Tsunami
  • Ultimate Comics


See also[]

Template:Wikipedia books

  • List of current Marvel Comics publications
  • List of magazines released by Marvel Comics in the 1970s
  • List of comics characters which originated in other media
  • Panini Comics
  • Soleil Productions

Notes[]

  1. ↑ Apocryphal legend has it that in 1961, either Jack Liebowitz or Irwin Donenfeld of DC Comics (then known as National Periodical Publications) bragged about DC's success with the Justice League (which had debuted in The Brave and the Bold #28 [February 1960] before going on to its own title) to publisher Martin Goodman (whose holdings included the nascent Marvel Comics) during a game of golf.

    However, film producer and comics historian Michael Uslan partly debunked the story in a letter published in Alter Ego #43 (December 2004), pp. 43–44

    "Irwin said he never played golf with Goodman, so the story is untrue. I heard this story more than a couple of times while sitting in the lunchroom at DC's 909 Third Avenue and 75 Rockefeller Plaza office as Sol Harrison and [production chief] Jack Adler were schmoozing with some of us … who worked for DC during our college summers.... [T]he way I heard the story from Sol was that Goodman was playing with one of the heads of Independent News, not DC Comics (though DC owned Independent News). … As the distributor of DC Comics, this man certainly knew all the sales figures and was in the best position to tell this tidbit to Goodman. … Of course, Goodman would want to be playing golf with this fellow and be in his good graces. … Sol worked closely with Independent News' top management over the decades and would have gotten this story straight from the horse's mouth."

    Goodman, a publishing trend-follower aware of the JLA's strong sales, confirmably directed his comics editor, Stan Lee, to create a comic-book series about a team of superheroes. According to Lee in Origins of Marvel Comics (Simon and Schuster/Fireside Books, 1974), p. 16: "Martin mentioned that he had noticed one of the titles published by National Comics seemed to be selling better than most. It was a book called The Template:Sic Justice League of America and it was composed of a team of superheroes. … ' If the Justice League is selling ', spoke he, 'why don't we put out a comic book that features a team of superheroes?'"

References[]

  1. ↑ Hachette - Our Clients
  2. ↑ Sanderson, Peter (November 20, 2007). The Marvel Comics Guide to New York City. Gallery Books.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Postal indicia in issue, per Marvel Comics #1 [1st printing] (October 1939) at the Grand Comics Database: "Vol.1, No.1, MARVEL COMICS, Oct, 1939 Published monthly by Timely Publications, … Art and editorial by Funnies Incorporated..."
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Per statement of ownership, dated October 2, 1939, published in Marvel Mystery Comics #4 (Feb. 1940), p. 40; reprinted in Marvel Masterworks: Golden Age Marvel Comics Volume 1 (Marvel Comics, 2004, Script error: No such module "Catalog lookup link".), p. 239
  5. ↑ Bell, Blake; Vassallo, Michael J. (2013). The Secret History of Marvel Comics: Jack Kirby and the Moonlighting Artists at Martin Goodman's Empire. Fantagraphics Books. p. 299. ISBN 1-60699-552-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  6. ↑ Writer-artist Bill Everett's Sub-Mariner had actually been created for an undistributed movie-theater giveaway comic, Motion Picture Funnies Weekly earlier that year, with the previously unseen, eight-page original story expanded by four pages for Marvel Comics #1.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Per researcher Keif Fromm, Alter Ego #49, p. 4 (caption), Marvel Comics #1, cover-dated October 1939, quickly sold out 80,000 copies, prompting Goodman to produce a second printing, cover-dated November 1939. The latter appears identical except for a black bar over the October date in the inside front-cover indicia, and the November date added at the end. That sold approximately 800,000 copies—a large figure in the market of that time. Also per Fromm, the first issue of Captain America Comics sold nearly one million copies.
  8. ↑ Goulart, Ron (2000). Comic book culture: an illustrated history. Collectors Press, Inc. p. 173. ISBN 978-1-888054-38-5.. Preceding Captain America were MLJ Comics' the Shield and Fawcett Comics' Minute-Man.
  9. ↑ "Marvel : Timely Publications (Indicia Publisher)" at the Grand Comics Database. "This is the original business name under which Martin Goodman began publishing comics in 1939. It was used on all issues up to and including those cover-dated March 1941 or Winter 1940–1941, spanning the period from Marvel Comics #1 to Captain America Comics #1. It was replaced by Timely Comics, Inc. starting with all issues cover-dated April 1941 or Spring 1941."
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Daniels, Les (1991). Marvel: Five Fabulous Decades of the World's Greatest Comics. New York City: Harry N. Abrams. pp. 27, 32–33. ISBN 0-8109-3821-9. Timely Publications became the name under which Goodman first published a comic book line. He eventually created a number of companies to publish comics … but Timely was the name by which Goodman's Golden Age comics were known. . . . Marvel wasn't always Marvel; in the early 1940s the company was known as Timely Comics....
  11. ↑ "GCD :: Story Search Results". comics.org. http://www.comics.org/search.lasso?type=character&query=powerhouse+pepper&sort=chrono&Submit=Search.
  12. ↑ A Smithsonian Book of Comic-Book Comics. Smithsonian Institution/Harry N. Abrams. 1981.
  13. ↑ Lee, Stan; Mair, George (2002). Excelsior!: The Amazing Life of Stan Lee. Fireside Books. p. 22. ISBN 0-684-87305-2.
  14. ↑ Simon, Joe; with Simon, Jim (1990). The Comic Book Makers. Crestwood/II Publications. p. 208. ISBN 1-887591-35-4.
  15. ↑ Simon, Joe (2011). Joe Simon: My Life in Comics. London, UK: Titan Books. pp. 113–114. ISBN 978-1-84576-930-7.
  16. ↑ Cover, All Surprise Comics #12 at the Grand Comics Database
  17. ↑ Wright, Bradford W. (2001). Comic Book Nation: The Transformation of Youth Culture in America. The Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-8018-6514-5.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 "Marvel Entertainment Group, Inc.". International Directory of Company Histories, Vol. 10. Farmington Hills, Michigan: Gale / St. James Press, via FundingUniverse.com. 1995. Archived from the original on July 11, 2011. Retrieved September 28, 2011. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  19. ↑ Marvel : Atlas [wireframe globe] (Brand) at the Grand Comics Database
  20. ↑ "Marvel Indicia Publishers". Grand Comics Database. http://www.comics.org/publisher/78/indicia_publishers/.
  21. ↑ Per Les Daniels in Marvel: Five Fabulous Decades of the World's Greatest Comics, pp. 67–68: "The success of EC had a definite influence on Marvel. As Stan Lee recalls, 'Martin Goodman would say, "Stan, let's do a different kind of book," and it was usually based on how the competition was doing. When we found that EC's horror books were doing well, for instance, we published a lot of horror books'".
  22. ↑ Boatz, Darrel L.. "Stan Lee", Comics Interview, Fictioneer Books, December 1988, pp. 15–16. 
  23. ↑ Marvel : MC (Brand) at the Grand Comics Database.
  24. ↑ "Fantastic Four". Grand Comics Database. http://www.comics.org/series/1482/.
  25. ↑ Roberts, Randy; Olson, James S. (1998). American Experiences: Readings in American History: Since 1865 (4 ed.). Addison–Wesley. p. 317. ISBN 978-0-321-01031-5. Marvel Comics employed a realism in both characterization and setting in its superhero titles that was unequaled in the comic book industry.
  26. ↑ Genter, Robert (2007). "With Great Power Comes Great Responsibility': Cold War Culture and the Birth of Marvel Comics". The Journal of Popular Culture 40 (6). doi:10.1111/j.1540-5931.2007.00480.x.
  27. ↑ Comics historian Greg Theakston has suggested that the decision to include monsters and initially to distance the new breed of superheroes from costumes was a conscious one, and born of necessity. Since DC distributed Marvel's output at the time, Theakston theorizes that, "Goodman and Lee decided to keep their superhero line looking as much like their horror line as they possibly could," downplaying "the fact that [Marvel] was now creating heroes" with the effect that they ventured "into deeper waters, where DC had never considered going". See Ro, pp. 87–88
  28. ↑ Howe, Sean (2012). Marvel Comics: The Untold Story. New York, NY: HarperCollins. p. 4. ISBN 978-0-06-199210-0.
  29. ↑ Boucher, Geoff. "Jack Kirby, the abandoned hero of Marvel's grand Hollywood adventure, and his family's quest", Los Angeles Times, September 25, 2009. Retrieved on September 28, 2011. 
  30. ↑ "The Real Brand X", Time, October 31, 1960. Retrieved on April 27, 2010. 
  31. ↑ Daniels, Les (September 1991). Marvel: Five Fabulous Decades of the World's Greatest Comics, Harry N Abrams. p. 139.
  32. ↑ Nyberg, Amy Kiste (1994). Seal of Approval: The Origins and History of the Comics Code. University Press of Mississippi. p. 170. ISBN 9781604736632.
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 33.4 33.5 Ro, Ronin (2004). Tales to Astonish: Jack Kirby, Stan Lee and the American Comic Book Revolution. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 179.
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 Lee, Mair, p. 5.
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 "Conan the Barbarian Returns to Marvel Comics - Bleeding Cool News", Bleeding Cool News And Rumors, January 12, 2018. Retrieved on January 17, 2018. 
  36. ↑ Levitz, Paul (2010). 75 Years of DC Comics The Art of Modern Mythmaking. Taschen America. p. 451. ISBN 978-3-8365-1981-6. Marvel took advantage of this moment to surpass DC in title production for the first time since 1957, and in sales for the first time ever.
  37. ↑ Daniels, Marvel, pp.154–155
  38. ↑ Rhoades, Shirrel (2008). A Complete History of American Comic Books. New York, NY: Peter Lang Publishing. p. 103.
  39. ↑ Cooke, Jon B. (December 2011). "Vengeance, Incorporated: A history of the short-lived comics publisher Atlas/Seaboard". Comic Book Artist (16). Archived from the original on December 1, 2010. http://twomorrows.com/comicbookartist/articles/16goodman.html. Retrieved September 28, 2011.
  40. ↑ "Marvel Partners With Stitcher for Scripted 'Wolverine' Podcast", The Hollywood Reporter, December 5, 2017. Retrieved on December 12, 2017. (in en) 
  41. ↑ Both pencils and inks per UHBMCC; GCD remains uncertain on inker.
  42. ↑ Bullpen Bulletins: "The King is Back! 'Nuff Said!", in Marvel Comics cover dated October 1975, including Fantastic Four #163
  43. ↑ Specific series- and issue-dates in article are collectively per GCD and other databases given under References
  44. ↑ "After His Public Downfall, Sin City’s Frank Miller Is Back (And Not Sorry)", Wired, Condé Nast, August 20, 2014. Retrieved on January 21, 2015. 
  45. ↑ "Marvel Focuses On Direct Sales". The Comics Journal (59): 11–12. October 1980.
  46. ↑ "DC Overcomes Marvel In Sales". The Comics Journal (118): 24. December 1987.
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 "Marvel Reaches Agreement to Emerge from Bankruptcy", The New York Times, July 11, 1997, p. D3. 
  48. ↑ "Clive Barker official site: Comics". Clivebarker.com. November 28, 1999. http://www.clivebarker.com/html/visions/bib/comics/. Retrieved August 10, 2012.
  49. ↑ "Independent Heroes from the USA: Clive Barker's Razorline". Internationalhero.co.uk. http://www.internationalhero.co.uk/r/razorlin.htm. Retrieved August 10, 2012.
  50. ↑ "Bye Bye Marvel; Here Comes Image: Portacio, Claremont, Liefeld, Jim Lee Join McFarlane's New Imprint at Malibu". The Comics Journal (48): 11–12. February 1992.
  51. ↑ Mulligan, Thomas S.. "Holy Plot Twist : Marvel Comics' Parent Sees Artists Defect to Rival Malibu, Stock Dive", February 19, 1992. (in en-US) 
  52. ↑ Ehrenreich, Ben (November 11, 2007). "PHENOMENON; Comic Genius?". New York Times magazine. https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9805E2DF173EF932A25752C1A9619C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=1.
  53. ↑ Reynolds, Eric. "The Rumors are True: Marvel Buys Malibu," The Comics Journal #173 (December 1994), pp. 29–33.
  54. ↑ "News!" Indy magazine #8 (1994), p. 7.
  55. ↑ "Scott Rosenberg". Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304111003/http://www.wizardworld.com/scottrosenberg.html. Retrieved October 14, 2015.
  56. ↑ Duin, Steve and Richardson, Mike (ed.s) "Capital City" in Comics Between the Panels (Dark Horse Publishing, 1998) Script error: No such module "Catalog lookup link"., p. 69
  57. ↑ Rozanski, Chuck (n.d.). "Diamond Ended Up With 50% of the Comics Market". MileHighComics.com. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. http://www.milehighcomics.com/tales/cbg131.html. Retrieved April 27, 2010.
  58. ↑ "Diamond Comic Distributors acquires Capital City Distribution; Comic distribution industry stabilized by purchase", bNet: Business Wire via Findarticles.com, July 26, 1996. Retrieved on April 27, 2010. 
  59. ↑ "Hello Again: Marvel Goes with Diamond", The Comics Journal #193 (February 1997), pp. 9–10.
  60. ↑ Duin, Steve and Richardson, Mike (ed.s) "Diamond Comic Distributors" in Comics Between the Panels (Dark Horse Publishing, 1998) Script error: No such module "Catalog lookup link"., p. 125-126
  61. ↑ Miller, John Jackson. "Capital Sale Tops Turbulent Year: The Top 10 Comics News Stories of 1996". CBGXtra. Archived from the original on November 7, 2007. http://www.cbgxtra.com/Default.aspx?tabid=1672. Retrieved December 20, 2007.
  62. ↑ Raviv, Dan (2001). Comic War: Marvel's Battle for Survival. Heroes Books. ISBN 978-0-7851-1606-6.
  63. ↑ McMillan, Graeme. Page 10. "Leaving an Imprint: 10 Defunct MARVEL Publishing Lines". Newsarama (10 January 2013).
  64. ↑ "Franchises: Marvel Comics". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/franchises/chart/?id=marvelcomics.htm. Retrieved April 27, 2010.
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  66. ↑ George Gustines. "Pulpy TV and Soapy Comics Find a Lot to Agree On", The New York Times, October 31, 2006. 
  67. ↑ "Marvel Universe wiki". Marvel.com. June 11, 2007. http://www.marvel.com/universe/Main_Page. Retrieved April 27, 2010.
  68. ↑ Colton, David (November 12, 2007). "Marvel Comics Shows Its Marvelous Colors in Online Archive". USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/life/books/news/2007-11-12-comics-online-main_N.htm.
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  118. ↑ Chu, Karen. "Hong Kong Disneyland to Open 'Iron Man' Experience in 2016", October 8, 2013. Retrieved on October 8, 2013. 
  119. ↑ John Tsang (February 27, 2013). "The 2013–14 Budget – Promoting Tourism Industry". Hong Kong Government. http://www.budget.gov.hk/2013/eng/budget06.html.
  120. ↑ Munarriz, Rick. "Disney is Taking Too Long to Add Marvel to Disneyland and Disney World". http://www.fool.com/investing/general/2015/10/18/disney-is-taking-too-long-to-add-marvel-to-disney.aspx. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
  121. ↑ "Guardians of the Galaxy theme park characters appear for first time as Walt Disney World welcomes Marvel". Inside the Magic. http://www.insidethemagic.net/2014/08/guardians-of-the-galaxy-theme-park-characters-appear-for-first-time-as-walt-disney-world-welcomes-marvel/.
  122. ↑ "Exclusive ‘Guardians of the Galaxy’ Sneak Peek Debuts July 4 at Disney Parks". Disney Parks Blog. http://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2014/07/exclusive-guardians-of-the-galaxy-sneak-peek-debuts-july-4-at-disney-parks/.

Further reading[]

  • George, Milo (2001). Jack Kirby: The TCJ Interviews. Fantagraphics Books. ISBN 1-56097-434-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Howe, Sean (2012). Marvel Comics: the Untold Story. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-199210-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Jones, Gerard (2004). Men of Tomorrow: Geeks, Gangsters, and the Birth of the Comic Book. Basic Books,. ISBN 0-465-03657-0.CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Lupoff, Dick; Thompson, Don (1997). All in Color for a Dime. Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-498-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Steranko, James. The Steranko History of Comics. 1. ISBN 0-517-50188-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

External links[]

Template:Marvel Comics Template:Comic book publishers in North America navbox

Marvel
Part of The Walt Disney Company

Marvel Entertainment:
Marvel Comics | Marvel Animation | Marvel Characters | Marvel Studios | Marvel Toys | CrossGen | Marvel.com

Marvel Cinematic Universe
Marvel Studios
Phase One: Iron Man | The Incredible Hulk | Iron Man 2 | Thor | Captain America: The First Avenger | The Avengers

Phase Two: Iron Man 3 | Thor: The Dark World | Captain America: The Winter Soldier | Guardians of the Galaxy | Avengers: Age of Ultron | Ant-Man
Phase Three: Captain America: Civil War | Doctor Strange | Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 | Spider-Man: Homecoming | Thor: Ragnarok | Black Panther | Avengers: Infinity War | Ant-Man and the Wasp | Captain Marvel

Upcoming films:
Avengers: Endgame | Spider-Man: Far From Home | Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3 | Black Widow | Doctor Strange 2

Other Marvel films
X-Men

X-Men | X2: X-Men United | X-Men: The Last Stand | X-Men: First Class | X-Men: Days of Future Past | X-Men: Apocalypse | X-Men Origins: Wolverine | The Wolverine | Logan | Deadpool

Other films

Fantastic Four | Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer | Fant4stic | Daredevil | Elektra | Spider-Man | Spider-Man 2 | Spider-Man 3 | The Amazing Spider-Man | The Amazing Spider-Man 2 | Hulk

Marvel live action TV

Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. | Daredevil | Marvel's Jessica Jones | Marvel's Luke Cage | Marvel's Iron Fist | Marvel's The Punisher | Marvel's The Defenders | The Amazing Spider-Man | Japanese Spider-Man

Marvel animation

X-Men | X-Men: Evolution | Wolverine and the X-Men | Spider-Man (1967) | Spider-Man (1981) | Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends | Spider-Man (1994) | Spider-Man Unlimited | Spider-Man: The New Animated Series | The Spectacular Spider-Man | Ultimate Spider-Man | Spider-Woman | The Incredible Hulk (1982) | The Incredible Hulk (1996) | The Marvel Action Hour (Fantastic Four | Iron Man) | Iron Man: Armored Adventures | Fantastic Four (1967) | The New Fantastic Four | Fantastic Four: World's Greatest Heroes | Avengers: United They Stand | Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes | Avengers Assemble | Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H. | Guardians of the Galaxy

Marvel comic books

The Amazing Spider-Man | Iron Man | The Incredible Hulk | Spider-Woman | X-Men | Thor


The Walt Disney Company
Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures

Walt Disney Pictures (Others | Trailer variants | Closing variants | International | Logo Variations) | 20th Century Studios (On-Screen Logos | Trailer variants | Closing variants | Logo Variations) | Lucasfilm Ltd. (Others) | Lucasfilm Animation | Pixar (Others) | Disneynature | Walt Disney Animation Studios | GoGo Productions | Shank Films | Marvel Studios | Searchlight Pictures (Others | Trailer variants) | 20th Century Animation Studios | Blue Sky Studios (Others) | Star Studios | Zero Day Fox | New Regency15

Disney Music Group
Walt Disney Records | Hollywood Records | Wonderland Music Company | Disney Music Publishing | Marvel Music | Fox Music

Home Entertainment
Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment (Others) | 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment | Buena Vista Home Entertainment

Disney Theatrical Productions Group
Disney on Broadway | Disney on Ice | Disney Theatrical Productions | Disney Live!

Walt Disney Television
ABC Entertainment | ABC News | ABC Studios (ABC Signature) | Disney Television Animation | Greengrass Productions | It's a Laugh Productions | Disney–ABC Home Entertainment and Television Distribution | Disney Media Distribution | Disney Channel Original Movie (Others) | Valleycrest Productions | ABC News Productions | Disney XD Originals | Disney Junior Originals | ABC Family Worldwide Inc. | 20th Century Fox Television (Others) | 20th Television (Others) | Fox 21 Television Studios | FX Networks (Others) | FXP (Others)

Endemol Shine Group
Parent companies:

The Walt Disney Company | Apollo Global Management

Predecessors:
Endemol | Shine Group

United Kingdom:
Endemol Shine UK (Initial | Tiger Aspect Productions | Zeppotron | Remarkable Television | House of Tomorrow | Sidney Street) | Bossa Studios | Brown Eyed Boy | ChannelFlip | Good Catch | ShineTV (Endemol Shine North) | Dragonfly Film and Television | Kudos Film and Television (Lovely Day) | Princess Productions

Americas:
Endemol Shine Brasil | Endemol Shine North America (Authentic Entertainment | Truly Original | 51 Minds Entertainment) | CORE Media Group (19 Entertainment | Sharp Entertainment) | Endemol Shine Boomdog | Endemol Shine Studios | Endemol Shine Latino | Endemol Shine Argentina | Endemol Shine Chile

Europe, Middle East and Africa:
Endemol Shine France | Endemol Shine Nordics (Metronome Film & Television | Friday TV | Rubicon TV | Metronome Spartacus) | Endemol Shine Germany | Endemol Shine Latino | Endemol Shine Poland | Endemol Shine Nederland | Endemol Shine Italy | Endemol Shine Iberia (Telegenia | Zeppelin Television | Shine Iberia | Endemol Portugal | Gestmusic) | Endemol Shine Belgium | Endemol Shine Finland | Endemol Shine Middle East | Endemol Shine Polska | Endemol Shine Africa | B&B Endemol Shine

Asia Pacific:
Endemol Shine China | Endemol Shine India | Endemol Shine Asia (SE Asia) | Endemol Shine Australia (Endemol Shine Banks)

Others:
Endemol Shine International | WeiT Media | Endemol Shine Gaming | Endemol Sport | Endemol Music | Endemol Shine Pride

Defunct:
Endemol Australia (Endemol Southern Star | Southern Star Singapore) | Endemol Shine Beyond (Endemol Beyond) | Endemol Shine Globo | Endemol USA (Latino | True Entertainment | Original Media) | Endemol UK (Bazal | Brighter Pictures | Cheetah Television) | Endemol France | Endemol Deutschland | Endemol Worldwide Distribution | Endemol España | Shine Digital | Shine Pictures | Shine 360° | Shine Network

United States broadcast and cable television
ABC (HD) (Others) | Disney Channel (Other) | Disney XD | Disney Family Movies | Disney Junior | Freeform | FX (Others | On-Screen Watermarks | Logo Variations | HD) | FX Movie Channel (HD) | FXX (HD) | National Geographic5 | National Geographic Wild | Nat Geo Mundo

ABC Owned Television Stations
KABC-TV | KFSN-TV | KGO-TV | KTRK-TV | WABC-TV | WLS-TV | WPVI-TV | WTVD | Live Well Network

ESPN
Owners: The Walt Disney Company (80%) | Hearst Corporation (20%)

U.S. networks:
ESPN (HD) | ESPN2 | | ESPNews | ESPN Classic | ESPNU | ESPN Deportes | ESPN PPV | ESPN3 | ESPN Bases Loaded | ESPN College Extra | ESPN Goal Line | Longhorn Network | SEC Network
U.S. blocks:
Template:ESPN on ABC U.S. radio stations
ESPN Radio | ESPN Deportes Radio | ESPN Xtra | ESPNU Radio | ESPN All Access

International:
Australia (ESPN2) | Brazil (2 | Extra) | Caribbean | Latin America (ESPN+ | 2 | 3) | ESPN 5 (Philippines)3 | UK1 | Sony ESPN (HD) (India)4

Canadian networks (Co-Owned with Bell Media):
The Sports Network (TSN1 | TSN2 | TSN3 | TSN4 | TSN5) | RDS | RDS2 | RDS Info | ESPN Classic Canada

Japanese networks
J-Sports 1 | J-Sports 2 | J-Sports 3 | J-Sports 4

Current ventures:
ESPN+ | ESPN.com | ESPN Deportes.com | ESPN Broadband | ESPN Events | ESPN Films | ESPN Home Entertainment | ESPN The Magazine | ESPN Deportes La Revista | ESPN Books | ESPY Awards | ESPN Integration | The Undefeated | WatchESPN

Defunct ventures:
ESPN Extra | ESPN Now | ESPN West | Arena Football League (minority stake, 2006–2009) | ESPN Star Sports (equity stake, 1994–2013) | ESPNews Asia (1996–2013) | ESPN 3D (2010–2013) | ESPN America (2002–2013) | ESPN Buzzer Beater (2010–2017) | ESPN Classic (UK) (2006–2013) | ESPN Full Court (1995–2015) | ESPN GamePlan (1996–2015) | ESPN HD (2003–2011) | ESPN HS (1997–2012) | ESPN MVP (2005–2006) | ESPN Plus (1996–2009) | NHL Network Canada (2001–2015) | SEC TV (2009–2014) | Grantland (2011–2015) | ESPN Zone (1998–2018)

U.S. sports broadcasting rights:
AFL | College Basketball | College Football | Golf | High School Football | MLB | MLS (MLS Game of the Week | MLS Soccer Sunday) | NFL | NBA | WNBA | Tennis | X Games
Former sports broadcasting rights:
IndyCar Series | NASCAR | NHL | Thoroughbred Racing on ESPN

Other properties:
FiveThirtyEight | Jayski's Silly Season Site | ESPN FC | ESPNF1 | ESPNscrum | Scouts Inc. | TrueHoop | ESPNcricinfo

Current programming:
30 for 30 | Around the Horn | Baseball Tonight | The Beat | College Football Final | College Football Live | College Football Scoreboard | College Basketball Live | College GameDay (Basketball) | College Gameday (Football) | College GameNight | E:60 | First Take | ESPN2 Garage | The Fantasy Show | Get Up! | Golic and Wingo | Highly Questionable | Intentional Talk2 | Jalen & Jacoby | The Jump | Monday Night Countdown | NBA Coast to Coast | NBA Countdown | NBA Shootaround | NBA Tonight | NFL Insiders | NFL Live | NFL Matchup | NFL Primetime | Outside The Lines | Pardon the Interruption | SportsCenter (SportsCenter:AM | SportsCenter Face to Face with Hannah Storm | SportsCenter Coast-to-Coast | SC @ Night | SportsCenter with Scott Van Pelt | X Center | SportsCenterU) | SportsNation | Sunday NFL Countdown | WNBA Shootaround | World Cup Live

Former programming:
1st and 10 | 2 Minute Drill | Baseball 2Day | BassCenter | Battle of the Gridiron Stars | Beg, Borrow and Deal | Bonds on Bonds | Bound for Glory | The Bronx is Burning | Cheap Seats | Cold Pizza | The Contender | Dream Job | ESPN Friday Night Fights | ESPN Hollywood | His & Hers | I'd Do Anything | Jim Rome is Burning | Knight School | Madden Nation | Mike & Mike | MLS ExtraTime | MLS Primetime Thursday | MLS Soccer Saturday | MMA Live | NASCAR Countdown | NASCAR Now | NFL 32 | NHL 2Night | Nine for IX | Olbermann | Playmakers | Quite Frankly with Stephen A. Smith | RPM 2Night | SC6 with Michael and Jemele | SpeedWeek | SportsNight | The Sports Reporters | Stump the Schwab | Sunday Night Football | Talk2 | Tilt | Upscripted with Chris Connelly | Up Close

1Operated by BT under license.
2Also airs on MLB Network.
3Partnership with TV5 Network Inc.
4Partnership with Sony Pictures Networks India.

International channels
Disney Channel
Asia | Bulgaria | Canada (French)13 | Czech Republic | France | Germany | Greece | Hong Kong | Hungary | India | Israel | Japan | Latin America | Malaysia | Middle East | Moldova | Netherlands and Flanders | Norway | Oceania | Philippines | Portugal | Romania | Russia | Scandinavia | South Korea | Southern Africa | Spain | Sweden | Taiwan | Thailand | Turkey | UK and Ireland | Vietnam

Disney Junior
Asia | Canada13 | France | Germany | India | Latin America | Oceania | Portugal | Romania | Spain | UK and Ireland

Disney XD
Canada13 | Croatia | France | Germany | Indonesia and Thailand | Israel | Italy | Japan | Latin America | Scandinavia | Slovenia | South Africa | Southeast Asia | Spain | UK and Ireland

Fox
Asia | Balkans | Belgium | Bulgaria | Estonia | Germany | Greece | Hungary | Italy | Japan | Latin America | Moldova | Netherlands | Norway | Poland | Portugal | Russia | Spain | Taiwan | Turkey | UK and Ireland

Fox Life
Asia | India | Latin America | Spain

Fox Movies/Premium
Asia (Action | Family) | Brazil (1 | 2) | Latin America (Action | Cinema | Classics | Family | Movies | Series) | Philippines | Taiwan

Fox Sports
Asia | Chile | Japan | Latin America (2 | 3 | Premium) | Netherlands | Peru | Racing

National Geographic
Latin America (Wild | Kids) | National Geographic Wild (Africa | Asia | Australia | Canada | Europe | Middle East) | Nat Geo Music | Nat Geo People (HD)

Other channels
24Kitchen | BabyTV | Channel V | Disney Cinema | Disney Cinemagic | DLife | Fox Animation | Fox Comedy | Fox Crime (India) | Fox Filipino | Fox Rewayat | FX | FXM | Movistar Disney12 | RTL II | STAR Chinese Channel | STAR Chinese Movies | STAR Chinese Movies Legend | Sky Cinema Disney11 | Sky Movies Disney14 | TVN | Viajar | Voyage | YourTV | Super RTL

Indian properties

The Walt Disney Company India
Parent: The Walt Disney Company

Properties:

Star TV
Part of Disney India (The Walt Disney Company)

Star India (Special logos)
Television channels:
Hindi: Entertainment: Star Plus (HD), Star Bharat (HD) and Star Utsav | Movies: Star Gold (HD), Star Gold Select (HD), Movies OK and Star Utsav Movies

English: Entertainment: Star World (HD) and Star World Premiere HD | Movies: Star Movies (HD) and Star Movies Select HD | Lifestyle: Fox Life (HD) and Nat Geo People HD1 | Knowledge and infotainment: National Geographic (HD) and Nat Geo Wild (HD) | Music: Nat Geo Music HD1 | Kids’: BabyTV HD1

Regional languages: Tamil: Star Vijay (HD) and Vijay Super | Telugu: Star Maa (HD), Star Maa Movies (HD), Star Maa Music and Star Maa Gold | Kannada: Star Suvarna (HD) and Star Suvarna Plus | Malayalam: Asianet (HD), Asianet Plus and Asianet Movies | Bangla: Star Jalsha (HD) and Jalsha Movies (HD) | Marathi: Star Pravah (HD)

Star Sports:
Main channels: Star Sports 1 (HD) (Hindi (HD) | Tamil | Telugu | Kannada | Bangla) | Star Sports 2 (HD) | Star Sports 3
Free-to-air channel: Star Sports First (Hindi)
Star Sports Select: Star Sports Select 1 (HD), Star Sports Select 2 (HD)
Upcoming channels: Star Sports 1 Malayalam, Marathi and Gujarati

International channels:
Africa: Star Life (HD in South Africa, SD elsewhere)

Other assets:
Video-on-demand service: Hotstar | Film production: Fox Star Studios (Other)
Affiliated company: Tata Sky2 (HD, + HD; defunct: Tata Sky+, Tata Sky Transfer)

Former channels and properties:
Defunct: Life OK (HD)/Star One | Star Movies Action | FX (India) (HD) | Fox Crime (India) | Channel V (India) | ESPN India (HD) | ESPN Star Sports
Divested: News network3 (Star News | Star Ananda | Star Majha) | Star CJ Alive4

Notes:
1Run by Fox Networks Group Asia; there is no dedicated Indian feed. Since 2019, available only in HD and not SD.
2Joint venture with Tata Group.
3Sold to ABP Group.
4Sold to CJ E&M.

Non-Indian companies using the Star brand:

STAR Greater China:
Star Movies (HD) | STAR Chinese Channel | STAR Chinese Movies | STAR Chinese Movies Legend | National Geographic (HD) | Nat Geo Wild (HD) | Nat Geo People (HD) | Channel V (HD)

Taiwan: Star Movies HD (Taiwan)

Disbanded channels and properties:
China: Star China Media1 (Star Sports | Xing Kong | Channel V (China) | Fortune Star)
Southeast Asia2: Star World (Asia) and Star Movies (Asia, Philippines and Taiwan)
Indonesia: antv3
Philippines: Viva Cinema4
South Korea: Channel V (Korea)

Notes:
1Sold to China Media Capital.
2Rebranded from Star to Fox channels in 2017. Now owned by Fox Networks Group.
3Sold to Visi Media Asia, which had owned 80% of the channel (Star formerly owned 20%).
4Relauched as Pinoy Box Office.

center|200px

Non-Star television channels:
India: Hindi youth entertainment: Bindass | Hindi movies: UTV Movies, UTV Action and UTV HD | English entertainment: Disney International HD | Kids’ channels: Disney Channel, Hungama, Marvel HQ and Disney Junior

International: United Kingdom: UMP Movies

Defunct channels: UTV World Movies | UTV Stars (HD) | Bindass Play
Divested channels: BTVI

UTV Software Communications: UTV Motion Pictures
Defunct: UTV Indiagames | UTV Ignition Games

Star TV
Part of Disney India (The Walt Disney Company)

Star India (Special logos)
Television channels:
Hindi: Entertainment: Star Plus (HD), Star Bharat (HD) and Star Utsav | Movies: Star Gold (HD), Star Gold Select (HD), Movies OK and Star Utsav Movies

English: Entertainment: Star World (HD) and Star World Premiere HD | Movies: Star Movies (HD) and Star Movies Select HD | Lifestyle: Fox Life (HD) and Nat Geo People HD1 | Knowledge and infotainment: National Geographic (HD) and Nat Geo Wild (HD) | Music: Nat Geo Music HD1 | Kids’: BabyTV HD1

Regional languages: Tamil: Star Vijay (HD) and Vijay Super | Telugu: Star Maa (HD), Star Maa Movies (HD), Star Maa Music and Star Maa Gold | Kannada: Star Suvarna (HD) and Star Suvarna Plus | Malayalam: Asianet (HD), Asianet Plus and Asianet Movies | Bangla: Star Jalsha (HD) and Jalsha Movies (HD) | Marathi: Star Pravah (HD)

Star Sports:
Main channels: Star Sports 1 (HD) (Hindi (HD) | Tamil | Telugu | Kannada | Bangla) | Star Sports 2 (HD) | Star Sports 3
Free-to-air channel: Star Sports First (Hindi)
Star Sports Select: Star Sports Select 1 (HD), Star Sports Select 2 (HD)
Upcoming channels: Star Sports 1 Malayalam, Marathi and Gujarati

International channels:
Africa: Star Life (HD in South Africa, SD elsewhere)

Other assets:
Video-on-demand service: Hotstar | Film production: Fox Star Studios (Other)
Affiliated company: Tata Sky2 (HD, + HD; defunct: Tata Sky+, Tata Sky Transfer)

Former channels and properties:
Defunct: Life OK (HD)/Star One | Star Movies Action | FX (India) (HD) | Fox Crime (India) | Channel V (India) | ESPN India (HD) | ESPN Star Sports
Divested: News network3 (Star News | Star Ananda | Star Majha) | Star CJ Alive4

Notes:
1Run by Fox Networks Group Asia; there is no dedicated Indian feed. Since 2019, available only in HD and not SD.
2Joint venture with Tata Group.
3Sold to ABP Group.
4Sold to CJ E&M.

Non-Indian companies using the Star brand:

STAR Greater China:
Star Movies (HD) | STAR Chinese Channel | STAR Chinese Movies | STAR Chinese Movies Legend | National Geographic (HD) | Nat Geo Wild (HD) | Nat Geo People (HD) | Channel V (HD)

Taiwan: Star Movies HD (Taiwan)

Disbanded channels and properties:
China: Star China Media1 (Star Sports | Xing Kong | Channel V (China) | Fortune Star)
Southeast Asia2: Star World (Asia) and Star Movies (Asia, Philippines and Taiwan)
Indonesia: antv3
Philippines: Viva Cinema4
South Korea: Channel V (Korea)

Notes:
1Sold to China Media Capital.
2Rebranded from Star to Fox channels in 2017. Now owned by Fox Networks Group.
3Sold to Visi Media Asia, which had owned 80% of the channel (Star formerly owned 20%).
4Relauched as Pinoy Box Office.

center|200px

Radio networks
ABC Radio | ABC News Now | ABC News Radio | Radio Disney Junior | Radio Disney | Radio Disney Country

Radio stations
Radio Disney Country station: KRDC (AM)
Radio Disney station: Radio Disney (Perú) | Rádio Disney Brasil9
ESPN Radio/Deportes stations:
KESN6 | KSPN | WEEI1 | WEPN | WEPN-FM2 | WMVP

Disney Parks, Experiences and Products
Walt Disney World | Disneyland Resort | Tokyo Disney Resort | Disneyland Paris | Hong Kong Disneyland Resort | Disney Cruise Line | Disney Vacation Club | Adventures by Disney | Shanghai Disney Resort | Tokyo DisneySea | Disney Publishing Worldwide (Disney English | Disney Press | Disney–Lucasfilm Press) | The Muppets Studio | Disney Interactive | Gamestar | Disney Mobile | Playdom | 20th Century Fox Consumer Products | 20th Century Fox Games | Fox Digital Entertainment

Marvel
Part of The Walt Disney Company

Marvel Entertainment:
Marvel Comics | Marvel Animation | Marvel Characters | Marvel Studios | Marvel Toys | CrossGen | Marvel.com

Marvel Cinematic Universe
Marvel Studios
Phase One: Iron Man | The Incredible Hulk | Iron Man 2 | Thor | Captain America: The First Avenger | The Avengers

Phase Two: Iron Man 3 | Thor: The Dark World | Captain America: The Winter Soldier | Guardians of the Galaxy | Avengers: Age of Ultron | Ant-Man
Phase Three: Captain America: Civil War | Doctor Strange | Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 | Spider-Man: Homecoming | Thor: Ragnarok | Black Panther | Avengers: Infinity War | Ant-Man and the Wasp | Captain Marvel

Upcoming films:
Avengers: Endgame | Spider-Man: Far From Home | Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3 | Black Widow | Doctor Strange 2

Other Marvel films
X-Men

X-Men | X2: X-Men United | X-Men: The Last Stand | X-Men: First Class | X-Men: Days of Future Past | X-Men: Apocalypse | X-Men Origins: Wolverine | The Wolverine | Logan | Deadpool

Other films

Fantastic Four | Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer | Fant4stic | Daredevil | Elektra | Spider-Man | Spider-Man 2 | Spider-Man 3 | The Amazing Spider-Man | The Amazing Spider-Man 2 | Hulk

Marvel live action TV

Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. | Daredevil | Marvel's Jessica Jones | Marvel's Luke Cage | Marvel's Iron Fist | Marvel's The Punisher | Marvel's The Defenders | The Amazing Spider-Man | Japanese Spider-Man

Marvel animation

X-Men | X-Men: Evolution | Wolverine and the X-Men | Spider-Man (1967) | Spider-Man (1981) | Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends | Spider-Man (1994) | Spider-Man Unlimited | Spider-Man: The New Animated Series | The Spectacular Spider-Man | Ultimate Spider-Man | Spider-Woman | The Incredible Hulk (1982) | The Incredible Hulk (1996) | The Marvel Action Hour (Fantastic Four | Iron Man) | Iron Man: Armored Adventures | Fantastic Four (1967) | The New Fantastic Four | Fantastic Four: World's Greatest Heroes | Avengers: United They Stand | Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes | Avengers Assemble | Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H. | Guardians of the Galaxy

Marvel comic books

The Amazing Spider-Man | Iron Man | The Incredible Hulk | Spider-Woman | X-Men | Thor

Disney Direct-to-Consumer and International
Subsidiaries: France | Germany | India | Italy | Latin America

Direct-to-consumer services: BAMTECH (75%) | Disney Digital Network | ESPN+ | Hulu (60%) | Movies Anywhere | Disney+ (United States) | Disney Life (UK, Ireland and Philippines) | FX Now

Other assets
The Walt Disney Studios | A&E Networks (50%)7 | Disney Digital 3D | DGamer | Walt Disney Imagineering | CDVU+ | Disney Research | Disney DVD (Others) | Disney Enhanced Home Theater Mix | Disney's Fast Play | Disney Movie Rewards | Disney Blu-ray Disc | Disney Blu-ray 3D | Disney Ultra Blu-ray Disc | Disney Second Screen | Disney's Fastpass | Disneytek | ABCtek | LucasArts | Industrial Light and Magic | Skywalker Sound | Disney Classics | Disney D23 | Vice Media (11%) | Fox-Paramount Home Entertainment14 | Fox Studios Australia | FOX Telecolombia

A+E Networks
Co-owned by Hearst Corporation and The Walt Disney Company

NOTE: Except for European markets which fully owned by Hearst (and its respective partners) since 2019.

US networks:
A&E (HD) | Crime + Investigation (HD) | FYI (HD) | History (HD) | History en Español | Lifetime (HD) | Lifetime Movies (HD) | LRW (HD) | Military History | Viceland1

Latin America2:
A&E (HD) | History (HD) | History 2 (HD) | Lifetime3 (HD)

United Kingdom & Ireland:4
Blaze | Crime & Investigation | History | H2 | Lifetime

Iberian Peninsula:5
Blaze (HD) | Historia (HD) | Crimen & Investigación/Crime & Investigação

India:6
History TV18 (HD) | FYI TV18 (HD)

Defunct:
The Entertainment Channel | Alpha Repertory Television Service | The History Channel India | The Biography Channel UK and Ireland | The Biography Channel Latin America | Lifetime Moms

1Joint venture with Vice Media.
2Joint venture with Ole Communications.
3Joint venture with Sony Pictures Television.
4Joint venture with Sky Limited.
5Joint venture with AMC Networks International.
6Joint venture with TV18.

Sold
Miramax | Dimension Films | Dimension Home Entertainment | Dimension Television | Dimension Extreme Films | Miramax Family Films | Miramax Books | Miramax/Dimension Films | Anaheim Ducks | Baby Einstein | Oxygen (TV network) | E! | DIC Entertainment (Others) | Creative Wonders10 | Hyperion Books | GMTV

Defunct assets
ABC Circle Films | ABC Films | ABC/Kane Productions | ABC Kids | ABC Motion Pictures | ABC News Now | ABC1 | ABC Pictures Corporation | ABC Productions | ABC Video | Avalanche Software | Black Rock Studio | Blip | Buena Vista Games | Boyz/Girlz Channel | Buena Vista International | Buena Vista International Television | Buena Vista Motion Pictures Group | Buena Vista Pictures Distribution | Buena Vista Productions | Buena Vista Records | Buena Vista Television | Caravan Pictures | Circle 7 Animation | CrossGen | DePatie-Freleng Enterprises | Disney Channel Discovery | Disney Channel (Ukraine) | Disney Consumer Products | Disney Consumer Products and Interactive Media | Disney Drive-In | Disney Interactive | Disney Videos | Disneyland Records | DisneyToon Studios (DisneyToon Studios/Other) | DXP | ESPN America | ESPN Classic (UK) | ESPN Full Court | ESPN GamePlan | ESPN 3D | Go.com | Hollywood BASIC | Hollywood Pictures | Hollywood Pictures Home Entertainment | Jetix (Other) | Jumbo Pictures | Junction Point Studios | Lucasfilm Television | Lyric Street Records | Malibu Comics | Mammoth Records | Marvel Toys | Palomar Pictures International3 | Paramount Comics5 | Pixar Canada | Propaganda Games | Saban Entertainment4 | Saban Interactive4 | Saban International4 | Satellite News Channel8 | Selmur Pictures | Selmur Productions | Soapnet | Star Comics | Semiorka (49%) | The Disney Afternoon | Toon Disney | Toon Disney's Big Movie Show | Toontown Online | Touchstone Television | UTV World Movies | UTV Ignition Games | Vault Disney | Vista-United Telecommunications | Walt Disney Classics | Walt Disney Parks and Resorts | Walt Disney Video Premiere | Walt Disney Home Video International | Zoog Disney | 7 dni TV | Fuel TV | Fox Night at the Movies | 20th Century Fox Selections | 20th Century Fox Television Distribution | 20th Century Fox Video (Others) | Fox Video (Others) | Fox Soccer | Fox Reality Channel | Magnetic Video Corporation | Regency Television2 | CBS/Fox Video6 (Others) | Playhouse Video6 | Key Video6 | Foxnet | Fox Kids (Others) | Fox Atomic | MTM Enterprises | MTM Television Distribution | MTM Home Video | MTM Music Group | MTM International | Victory Television | Metromedia Radio & Television | Metromedia Producers | Fox Lab | Four Star International | Four Star-Excelsior Releasing | New World Communications | New World/Genesis Distribution | New World International | New World Pictures International | Foxstar Productions | Fox Family11 | Fox Film Corporation | 20th Century Pictures | 20th Century Fox Records | Fox Records7 | Blair Entertainment | The Cannell Studios | Cannell Distribution | Fox World | Fox Europe | Fox Faith | Fox International Productions | FSN Chicago | Fox Sports Houston | News Corporation (original) | New World Pictures | New World Television | New World Television Distribution | New World Entertainment | Gold Key Entertainment | Gold Key Media | Leap Off Productions | Fox Television Stations Productions | Fox Television Studios | Fox 21 | Fox Next | Sky plc (39.1%) | Speed | Storer Communications | IGN Entertainment | IGN | 1UP.com | TeamXbox | Walt Disney Television (production studio) (Others) | Fox Kids | Fox Kids Worldwide | Das Vierte | Touchstone Pictures (Others | Logo Variations) | Touchstone Home Entertainment (Others) | Fox Entertainment Group | Fox 2000 Pictures | FoxConnect

Predecessor companies: 21st Century Fox | Capital Cities/ABC

Notes
1 Disney manages and operates this station owned by Entercom Communications.
2 Disney manages and operates this station owned by Emmis Communications.
3 Disney manages film catalog created for ABC; remainder of library controlled by Bristol-Myers Squibb.
4 Disney manages and operates this television and interactive units by Saban Capital Group.
5 Joint venture with Paramount Pictures.
6 Operated by Cumulus Media under an LMA.
7 Joint venture with the Hearst Corporation, which owns 20% of ESPN and 50% of A&E Networks.
8 Co-owned with Westinghouse Broadcasting (aka Group W)
9 Joint verture with Rádio Holding Participações Ltda.
10 Joint venture with Electronic Arts.
11 Joint venture with Sky plc.
12 Joint venture with Telefónica.
13 Owned by Corus Entertainment.
14 Joint venture with Sky Network Television.

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