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Crunchyroll

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Crunchyroll is an American subscription video on-demand over-the-top streaming service that specializes in the distribution, production and licensing of Japanese anime, and dorama. Founded in 2006 by a group of University of California, Berkeley, graduates,[8] Crunchyroll's distribution channel and partnership program delivers content to over 100Template:Nbspmillion registered users worldwide.[9] Crunchyroll was a subsidiary of AT&T's Otter Media, and from 2016 to 2018, the company partnered with Funimation, which would eventually merge into its brand in 2022 after Sony acquired Crunchyroll in 2021. The company is currently owned by The Walt Disney Company through a joint venture between Walt Disney Pictures.

Crunchyroll has offices in San Francisco, Culver City, Los Angeles, Dallas, Coppell, Burbank, New York City, Melbourne, Montreal, Tokyo, Paris, Roubaix, Berlin, Chișinău, Lausanne, and London,[10] and is a member of The Association of Japanese Animations (AJA).[11] "Crunchyroll-Hime", also known as "Hime", is the official mascot of Crunchyroll.[12]

Crunchyroll offers over 1,000 anime shows,[11] more than 200 East Asian dramas to users, and around 80 manga titles as Crunchyroll Manga, although not all programming is available worldwide due to licensing restrictions. Crunchyroll passed one million paid subscribers in February 2017,[11][13] and has over 5Template:Nbspmillion paid subscribers as of 2021.[7] Crunchyroll also releases titles on home video either directly[14] or by having select anime titles released through its distribution partners (Aniplex of America, Sentai Filmworks, Viz Media, & Discotek Media in North America and Anime Limited in the United Kingdom).[15][16]

History[]

⚠
It has been suggested that this article or section be split into two or more articles.
  • This may include adding intros to separate articles and sections for references and external links.
  • Reason: History of Crunchyroll

Origins and illegal distribution[]

File:Crunchyroll 2006.svg

The original Crunchyroll logo used from 2006 to 2012.

Crunchyroll started in 2006 as a for-profit video upload and streaming site that specialized in hosting East Asian content. Some of the content hosted on Crunchyroll included fansubbed versions of East Asian shows.[1][17]

In 2008, Crunchyroll secured a capital investment of $4.05 million from the venture capital firm Venrock.[18] The investment drew criticism from anime distributors and licensors Bandai Entertainment and Funimation as the site continued to allow users to upload illegal copies of licensed titles.[19]

Move to legal distribution[]

However, Crunchyroll eventually began securing legal distribution agreements with companies, including Gonzo, for a growing list of titles. On January 8, 2009, after announcing a deal with TV Tokyo to host episodes of Naruto Shippuden, Crunchyroll stated that it was committed to removing all copyright-infringing material from its site and to hosting only content to which it had legitimate distribution rights.[20]

In 2010, Crunchyroll announced its acquisition of the North American DVD rights to 5 Centimeters Per Second. This was the first DVD release licensed by Crunchyroll.[21]

On October 30, 2013, Crunchyroll began digitally distributing 12 different manga titles from Kodansha – series such as Attack on Titan and Fairy Tail were part of the manga that were available initially – through Crunchyroll Manga.[22]

Chernin Group ownership[]

On December 2, 2013, The Chernin Group, former News Corp. president Peter Chernin's holding company, announced that it acquired a controlling interest in Crunchyroll. A person with knowledge of the transaction said the price for the acquisition was close to $100 million. The Chernin Group said that Crunchyroll management and existing investor TV Tokyo would maintain a "significant" stake in the company.[23][24][25]

On April 22, 2014, AT&T and The Chernin Group announced the formation of a joint venture to acquire, invest in and launch over-the-top (OTT) video services. Both companies committed over $500 million in funding to the venture.[26] The new company was named Otter Media and became the majority owner of Crunchyroll.[27] On August 3, 2015, Variety reported that Otter Media would unveil Ellation, a new umbrella company for its subscription-based video services including Crunchyroll.[28] Ellation's services included VRV, which debuted in 2016, a video streaming platform described as targeting "geeks, gamers and lovers of comedy, fantasy and technology."[29]

On October 22, 2015, Anime News Network reported that Crunchyroll had achieved 700,000 paying subscribers. In addition, the company announced that Crunchyroll and Sumitomo Corporation had created a joint venture to produce and invest in anime productions.[30][31][32][33]

On April 11, 2016, Crunchyroll and Kadokawa Corporation announced the formation of a strategic alliance that gave Crunchyroll exclusive worldwide digital distribution rights (excluding Asia) for Kadokawa anime titles in the upcoming year. It also granted Crunchyroll the right to co-finance Kadokawa anime titles to be produced in the future.[34]

Funimation partnership, and home video expansion[]

On July 1, 2016, Crunchyroll announced plans to dub and release a number of series on home video.[35]

On September 8, 2016, Crunchyroll announced a partnership with Funimation. Crunchyroll would stream select Funimation titles, while Funimation would stream select Crunchyroll titles, as well as their upcoming dubbed content. In addition, Funimation would act as the distributor for Crunchyroll's home video catalog.[36]

On February 9, 2017, Crunchyroll announced that it had reached one million paid subscribers.[11][13]

On March 22, 2017, Kun Gao took over as representative director of its Japanese branch, succeeding Vincent Shortino.[37]

On March 30, 2017, Crunchyroll began to distribute anime through Steam.[38][39]

On November 4, 2017, a group of hackers managed to DNS hijack the official site for almost six hours. Users were redirected to a fake lookalike site which prompted users to download ransomware under the guise of "CrunchyViewer". Crunchyroll filed a first information report against the hackers.[40]

AT&T/WarnerMedia ownership and internal productions[]

In January 2018, Otter Media bought the remaining shares (20%) of Crunchyroll from TV Tokyo and other investors.[41] In August 2018, AT&T acquired the remainder of Otter Media that it did not already own from Chernin Group; the company and Crunchyroll were thus folded under WarnerMedia (formerly Time Warner, of which AT&T had also recently completed an acquisition).[42]

In August 2018, the service announced an expansion into original content with the anime-inspired series High Guardian Spice produced by Ellation Studios.[43]

On October 18, 2018, Funimation announced that their partnership with Crunchyroll ended as a result of Sony Pictures Television's acquisition of Funimation and AT&T's acquisition of Crunchyroll's parent company Otter Media.[44]

On March 4, 2019, it was announced that Otter Media would be placed under Warner Bros. as part of a reorganization. As a result of said reorganization, the company and Crunchyroll became corporate sisters to the American cable channel Cartoon Network and its nighttime programming block Adult Swim, which have been known for their television broadcasting of most of its anime under their Toonami brand.[45] Due to a subsequent reorganization, Crunchyroll was moved under WarnerMedia Entertainment (owner of networks such as TBS and TNT) in May 2019, so that its COO could oversee an upcoming entertainment streaming service from the brand.[46]

On July 3, 2019, Crunchyroll announced that they had partnered with Viz Media to distribute select Crunchyroll licensed titles on home video and electronic sell-through in the United States and Canada.[47]

On July 20, 2019, independent Australian production company Glitch Productions announced that they had partnered with Crunchyroll to produce their YouTube original series, Meta Runner.[48]

On September 6, 2019, Crunchyroll announced that they became the majority investor in Viz Media Europe.[49] Crunchyroll solidified this deal on December 4, 2019, becoming the majority owners of Viz Media Europe Group, and appointed former Viz Media Europe president John Easum as Head of Crunchyroll EMEA.[50]

On October 15, 2019, it was announced that Naver Corporation's webtoon publishing portal, WEBTOON, was partnering with Crunchyroll to produce animated adaptations of its series.[51] On February 25, 2020, Crunchyroll announced a slate of several programs under their new "Crunchyroll Originals" brand, including anime adaptations of the webtoons Tower of God, The God of High School, and Noblesse.

On April 2, 2020, Crunchyroll announced it had rebranded Viz Media Europe as Crunchyroll EMEA, with former Viz Media Europe brands Kazé, Anime on Demand, Anime Digital Network and Eye See Movies becoming Crunchyroll brands, and AV Visionen and Ellation becoming Crunchyroll companies.[52][53] As a result of the rebranding, the Ellation name transitioned from Otter Media's Consumer Division to Crunchyroll's Moldovan offices,[54] and VRV became a brand of Crunchyroll.[55] Ellation was later renamed to Crunchyroll Moldova on April 17, 2020.[56]

On September 5, 2020, Crunchyroll announced that they had entered in a partnership with Sentai Filmworks to distribute Crunchyroll licensed titles onto home video and electronic sell-through, with Granbelm, Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma: The Fourth Plate, Ascendance of a Bookworm, and World Trigger being the first titles distributed through the partnership.[57]

Acquisition by Sony[]

On August 12, 2020, The Information reported that Sony Pictures Entertainment, Funimation's parent company, was in talks to acquire Crunchyroll from WarnerMedia for Template:USD.[58] According to Variety, the amount was decreased to Template:USD.[59] Later in October 2020, it was reported that Sony was in its final talks with AT&T to acquire the streaming service for more than Template:JPY, roughly Template:USD.[60]

On December 9, 2020, Funimation and its owner Sony announced that they had reached a deal with AT&T and WarnerMedia to acquire Crunchyroll for around Template:USD. The acquisition was considered to be a major consolidation of global anime distribution rights outside of East Asia.[61][62] However, on March 24, 2021, it was reported that the United States Department of Justice had extended its antitrust review of the acquisition.[63]

On August 9, 2021, Sony announced that it had completed its acquisition of Crunchyroll. Following the acquisition, Sony stated that they wanted to create a unified anime subscription experience using their existing anime businesses as soon as possible.[64] Crunchyroll confirmed four days later that VRV was included in the acquisition.[65]

On September 23, 2021, Crunchyroll announced that they had entered in a partnership deal with Fuji TV for anime content development and production. The partners plan to start work on the new slate in April 2022 with anime-focused developer and producer Slow Curve.[66][67]

On March 1, 2022, it was announced that the Funimation, Wakanim and VRV SVOD services would be consolidated into Crunchyroll. Additionally, Funimation Global Group, LLC will be renamed and merged into Crunchyroll, LLC, with the Funimation brand currently in the process of being phased out in favor of Crunchyroll.[68][69]

On March 11, 2022, Crunchyroll and Wakanim announced that they would suspend their services in Russia due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[70]

On March 16, 2022, it was announced that Funimation's home video releases would be distributed under the Crunchyroll banner, with the latter's logo replacing that of the former on the spine and back of the covers for each new release that comes out starting with its June 2022 slate.[14]

On March 24, 2022, Crunchyroll announced that starting with the Spring 2022 season, a subscription would be required to watch new and continued simulcast, with older titles featured on the site prior to this season remaining free to watch. It was also announced that the first three episodes of select titles would be free a week after their premiere until May 31.[71]

On April 5, 2022, the company announced that Funimation's YouTube channel was rebranded as Crunchyroll Dubs and that it would serve as Crunchyroll's channel for English-dubbed content while English-subtitled content would still be uploaded on their Crunchyroll Collection channel.[72] The company also stated that they would release an English-dubbed first episode of an anime series every Saturday at 3:00pm ET on the Crunchyroll Dubs YouTube channel, starting with Re:Zero − Starting Life in Another World on April 9, 2022. Three days later, another announcement was made in that the Funimation Shop would be moved to the Crunchyroll Store.[73]

On April 19, 2022, CEO Colin Decker stepped down from his position. He was replaced by COO Rahul Purini.[74]

The Anime Awards[]

Main article(s): Crunchyroll Anime Awards

The Crunchyroll Anime Awards, also known as simply as the Anime Awards, are annual awards given to recognize anime from the previous year. The awards were first held in January 2017 and returned for 2018. Crunchyroll selects twenty judges from diverse backgrounds who then create a list of six nominees within each category. This list is then made available to the public for online voting to choose the winners.[75]

Crunchyroll Expo[]

Main article(s): Crunchyroll Expo
File:Crunchyroll Store at Crunchyroll Expo 2017.jpg

The Crunchyroll Store at Crunchyroll Expo 2017

In February 2017, Crunchyroll created the Crunchyroll Expo (CRX) anime convention with organizational support from Left Field Media.[76] The inaugural Expo was held at the Santa Clara Convention Center on August 25–27, with team manager Dallas Middaugh noting much of the ticket sales came within ten days of the convention.[77] Special guests for the Expo included The Fairly OddParents creator Butch Hartman, voice actors Shun Horie and Hiromi Igarashi, illustrator Yoshitaka Amano, figure skater Johnny Weir, manga artist Kore Yamazaki, and author Keiichi Sigsawa.[78][79]

The Expo was moved to the San Jose McEnery Convention Center in 2018 on Labor Day weekend. The convention saw 45,000 in turnstile attendance. Among the guests for the convention were Dragon Quest creator Yuji Horii, voice actors Ryo Horikawa, Justin Briner, Luci Christian, Clifford Chapin and Colleen Clinkenbeard, and the staff of Darling in the Franxx.[80]

Crunchyroll Expo 2019, also in San Jose, saw the premieres of the movie Blackfox and the Mob Psycho 100 II original video animation, while Toei Animation organized a screening of the movies Dragon Ball Z: Bardock – The Father of Goku and Dragon Ball Z: Fusion Reborn.[81][82] Among the guests invited were horror mangaka Junji Ito;[83] 22/7 voice actors Sally Amaki, Kanae Shirosawa, and Ruri Umino;[84] Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma writer Yūto Tsukuda and artist Shun Saeki;[85] and staff members of Zombie Land Saga, including voice actors Kaede Hondo and Asami Tano, composer Yasuharu Takanashi, and MAPPA CEO Manabu Ohtsuka.[86] Rock band Flow, whose songs have been featured in various anime as opening themes, held a concert on August 30.[87]

In 2020, Crunchyroll held its first virtual expo due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The event includes Hime's Cosplay Cup on September 5, 2020. Special guests included Shusuke Katagiri, Myth & Roid, Rian Tachibana, and Matt Schley.[88][89][90]

Crunchyroll Originals[]

On February 25, 2020, Crunchyroll initially announced several series under its Crunchyroll Originals label.[91] These are anime or other animated series that are either co-produced or directly produced by the company. Crunchyroll previously co-produced anime titles before, but this list will only include those that Crunchyroll themselves officially place under the label.

So far, these series include:

Title First run start date First run end date Episodes Notes Animation Studio
In/Spectre January 11, 2020 March 28, 2020 12 Adaptation of novel series written by Kyo Shirodaira. Brain's Base
Tower of God April 1, 2020 June 24, 2020 13 Adaptation of webtoon by SIU. Telecom Animation Film
The God of High School July 6, 2020 September 28, 2020 13 Adaptation of webtoon by Yongje Park. MAPPA
Gibiate July 15, 2020 September 30, 2020 12 Original work created by Ryō Aoki. Lunch Box

Studio Elle

Tonikawa: Over the Moon for You October 3, 2020 December 19, 2020 12 Adaptation of manga by Kenjiro Hata. Seven Arcs
Noblesse October 7, 2020 December 30, 2020 13 Adaptation of webtoon written by Son Jeho and illustrated by Lee Kwangsu. Production I.G
Onyx Equinox November 21, 2020 December 26, 2020 12 Original work created by Sofia Alexander. Crunchyroll Studios
So I'm A Spider, So What? January 8, 2021 July 3, 2021 24 Adaptation of light novel series written by Okina Baba and illustrated by Tsukasa Kiryu. Millepensee
Dr. Ramune Mysterious Disease Specialist January 10, 2021 March 28, 2021 12 Adaptation of manga series written by Aho Toro. Platinum Vision
Ex-Arm January 11, 2021 March 29, 2021 12 Adaptation of manga written by HiRock and illustrated by Shinya Komi. Visual Flight
Fena: Pirate Princess[92] August 15, 2021 October 24, 2021 12 Original work by Kazuto Nakazawa and Production I.G. Co-production with Adult Swim. Production I.G
High Guardian Spice October 26, 2021[93] October 26, 2021 12[93] Original work created by Raye Rodriguez. Crunchyroll Studios
Blade Runner: Black Lotus[94] November 14, 2021 February 6, 2022 13 Original work based on the Blade Runner franchise. Co-production with Adult Swim. Sola Digital Arts
FreakAngels January 27, 2022[93] January 27, 2022 9 Adaptation of webcomic written by Warren Ellis and illustrated by Paul Duffield. Crunchyroll Studios
Shenmue the Animation[95] February 6, 2022 May 1, 2022 13 Adaptation of the Shenmue video game series by Yu Suzuki. Co-production with Adult Swim. Telecom Animation Film
Meiji Gekken: Swords & Guns TBA TBA TBA Original work; working title. Crunchyroll Studios

See also[]

  • List of anime releases made concurrently in the United States and Japan

References[]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Now Playing:Anime Online", Forbes, August 5, 2009. (in en) 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "How to change language on Crunchyroll" (in en-US). June 16, 2020. https://www.technobezz.com/how-to-change-language-on-crunchyroll/.
  3. ↑ "Anime Brand Crunchyroll Shows The Potential Niche Streaming Scale" (in en). https://www.thedrum.com/news/2020/04/21/anime-brand-crunchyroll-shows-the-potential-niche-streaming-scale.
  4. ↑ "Interview: Crunchyroll's Vu Nguyen". https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interview/2008-03-25/vu-nguyen.
  5. ↑ Roettgers, Janko (August 22, 2018). "AT&T's Ellation Launches Studios in Burbank and Tokyo to Produce Crunchyroll Originals". https://variety.com/2018/digital/news/ellation-studios-crunchyroll-originals-high-guardian-spice-1202912537/.
  6. ↑ "Marge Dean Brings Anime and Inclusion Together at Crunchyroll Studios". https://www.awn.com/animationworld/marge-dean-brings-anime-and-inclusion-together-crunchyroll-studios.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Pineda, Rafael Antonio. "Crunchyroll Surpasses 5 Million Subscribers" (in en-us). https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/daily-briefs/2021-08-04/crunchyroll-surpasses-5-million-subscribers/.175871.
  8. ↑ "Crunchyroll CEO: Making Online Anime Pay". ICv2. December 15, 2008. http://www.icv2.com/articles/news/13922.html.
  9. ↑ Spangler, Todd (February 2, 2021). "Crunchyroll Inks Deal With Idris and Sabrina Elba for Dark Fantasy Anime Series". Variety. https://variety.com/2021/digital/news/idris-elba-sabirna-elba-crunchyroll-anime-1234898245/.
  10. ↑ "Jobs at Crunchyroll". https://www.crunchyroll.com/about/en/jobs/index.html.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 "Largest Anime Streaming Service Crunchyroll Surpasses One Million Paid Subscribers", February 9, 2017. 
  12. ↑ Fobian, Peter (June 6, 2018). "The Origin of Crunchyroll Hime". https://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-feature/2018/06/06/the-origin-of-crunchyroll-hime.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Sevakis, Justin (February 13, 2017). "How Big Of A Deal Is Crunchyroll Reaching A Million Subscribers?". Anime News Network. https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/answerman/2017-02-13/.112174.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Antonio Pineda, Rafael (March 16, 2022). "Funimation's Anime Titles Now Listed Under Crunchyroll for Home Video in June". https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2022-03-16/funimation-anime-titles-now-listed-under-crunchyroll-for-home-video-in-june/.183666.
  15. ↑ "Crunchyroll and Funimation Partner to Expand Access to Anime!". http://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2016/09/08/crunchyroll-and-funimation-partner-to-expand-access-to-anime.
  16. ↑ NormanicGrav (December 24, 2017). "Anime Limited News: New Podcast Episode, Update on Stock, Xmas Sales Updates". http://animeuknews.net/2017/12/anime-limited-news-podcast-update-on-stock-xmas-sales/.
  17. ↑ Morrison, Chris (September 6, 2007). "Crunchyroll, for pirated anime content". https://venturebeat.com/2007/09/06/crunchyroll-for-pirated-anime-content.
  18. ↑ Sevakis, Justin (March 11, 2008). "Video Site with Unauthorized Anime Gets US$4M Capital". Anime News Network. https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2008-03-11/video-site-with-unauthorized-anime-gets-us$4m-venture.
  19. ↑ Loo, Egan (March 12, 2008). "Funimation, Bandai Entertainment Respond on Crunchyroll". Anime News Network. https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2008-03-12/funimation-responds-to-crunchyroll-us$4m-funding.
  20. ↑ Loo, Egan (November 17, 2008). "TV Tokyo to Stream Naruto via Crunchyroll Worldwide". Anime News Network. https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2008-11-17/tv-tokyo-to-also-stream-naruto-through-crunchyroll.
  21. ↑ Loo, Egan (August 13, 2010). "Crunchyroll Adds Shinkai's 5 Centimeters per Second DVD". Anime News Network. https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-08-13/crunchyroll-adds-shinkai-5-centimeters-per-second-dvd.
  22. ↑ Marcias, Patrick. "It's Here! Crunchyroll Manga is Now Open!". Crunchyroll. http://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2013/10/30/its-here-crunchyroll-manga-is-now-open.
  23. ↑ Hodgkins, Crystalyn (December 3, 2013). "Chernin Group Purchases Majority Stake in Crunchyroll". Anime News Network. https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2013-12-02/chernin-group-purchases-majority-stake-in-crunchyroll.
  24. ↑ Lieberman, David. "Peter Chernin Takes Control Of Anime Provider Crunchyroll", December 2, 2013. 
  25. ↑ Glover, Ronald. "Chernin buys anime site Crunchyroll to expand online video assets", Reuters, December 2, 2013. 
  26. ↑ "The Chernin Group and AT&T Create New Venture to Acquire, Invest In and Launch Online Video Businesses". AT&T. April 22, 2014. http://about.att.com/story/the_chernin_group_and_att_create_new_venture_to_acquire_invest_in_and_launch_online_video_businesses.html.
  27. ↑ Spangler, Todd. "AT&T-Chernin Group's Otter Media Online-Video Venture Acquires Creativebug for $10 Mil", Variety, July 14, 2014. 
  28. ↑ Roettgers, Janko. "Chernin, AT&T Set Brand for New Online Video Venture: Ellation", Variety, August 3, 2015. 
  29. ↑ Baumgartner, Jeff (June 20, 2016). "Ellation Will Ride SVOD's Next Wave". Broadcasting & Cable: 18.
  30. ↑ Hodgkins, Crystalyn. "Crunchyroll, Sumitomo Announce Partnership to Create Company to Co-Produce Anime (Updated)". Anime News Network. https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-10-22/crunchyroll-sumitomo-announce-partnership-to-create-company-to-co-produce-anime/.94495.
  31. ↑ "Crunchyroll & Sumitomo Join Forces to Create Anime Investment Joint Venture". Sumitomo Corporation. http://www.sumitomocorp.co.jp/english/news/detail/id=28990.
  32. ↑ Ressler, Karen. "Crunchyroll Partners With NBCUniversal Entertainment Japan to Co-Develop Anime" (in en). Anime News Network. https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-07-12/crunchyroll-partners-with-nbcuniversal-entertainment-japan-to-co-develop-anime/.118652.
  33. ↑ Antonio Pineda, Rafael. "Sumitomo, Crunchyroll's Parent Chernin Group Announce Strategic Partnership" (in en). Anime News Network. https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-04-26/sumitomo-crunchyroll-parent-chernin-group-announce-strategic-partnership/.115315.
  34. ↑ "Crunchyroll and KADOKAWA Enter into Strategic Alliance", April 11, 2016. 
  35. ↑ Hodgkins, Crystalyn (July 1, 2016). "Crunchyroll To Dub, Release Anime on BD/DVD". Anime News Network. https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2016-07-01/crunchyroll-to-dub-release-anime-on-bd-dvd/.103876.
  36. ↑ Hodgkins, Crystalyn (September 8, 2016). "Crunchyroll, Funimation Announce Partnership to Share Content Via Streaming, Home Video, Est.". Anime News Network. https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2016-09-08/crunchyroll-funimation-announce-partnership-to-share-content-via-streaming-home-video-est/.106234.
  37. ↑ "Crunchyroll's Japanese Head Steps Down". Anime News Network. March 22, 2017. https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-03-22/crunchyroll-japanese-head-steps-down/.113674.
  38. ↑ "Steam's anime library gets better, thanks to Crunchyroll". Polygon. March 31, 2017. http://www.polygon.com/2017/3/31/15139174/anime-on-steam-crunchyroll.
  39. ↑ "Steam Anime Sale 2017". http://store.steampowered.com/news/28487/.
  40. ↑ Gach, Ethan (November 4, 2017). "Crunchyroll Website Currently Down Following Malware Attacks". https://kotaku.com/crunchyroll-website-currently-undergoing-problems-with-1820141343.
  41. ↑ "Majority Owner Otter Media Buys Remaining Shares Of Fullscreen, Ellation - Tubefilter", Tubefilter, January 25, 2018. (in en-US) 
  42. ↑ Patrick Hipes (August 7, 2018). "AT&T Acquires Rest Of Otter Media To Fold Into New WarnerMedia". https://deadline.com/2018/08/otter-media-acquired-att-crunchyroll-fullscreen-rooster-teeth-1202441941/.
  43. ↑ Haasch Palmer (August 22, 2018). "Crunchyroll to produce original content, starting in 2019". https://www.polygon.com/tv/2018/8/22/17768214/crunchyroll-original-content-2019-high-guardian-spice.
  44. ↑ Ressler, Karen (October 18, 2018). "Funimation, Crunchyroll End Content Sharing Partnership". https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2018-10-18/funimation-crunchyroll-end-content-sharing-partnership/.138330.
  45. ↑ Frank, Allegra (March 12, 2019). "Adult Swim and Crunchyroll are hooking up to bring more anime to TV". https://www.polygon.com/2019/3/12/18261643/adult-swim-crunchyroll-anime-series.
  46. ↑ "WarnerMedia Reorg Gives Otter Media's Tony Goncalves Oversight of Streaming Service Development", Variety, May 31, 2019. (in en) 
  47. ↑ Lopez, Matt (July 3, 2019). "Crunchyroll and VIZ Media Partner on Home Video and EST Distribution (Exclusive)". TheWrap. https://www.thewrap.com/crunchyroll-and-viz-media-partner-on-home-video-and-est-distribution-exclusive/.
  48. ↑ SMG4 [@smg4official] (July 19, 2019). "I guess the cat's out of the bag now. I'm so happy to announce that we've partnered up with @Crunchyroll to help develop Meta Runner! Meta Runner will still be released completely for free exclusively on www.youtube.com/smg4 on July 25th. 6 Days left.pic.twitter.com/zFDCKK8K84" (in en) (Tweet). https://twitter.com/smg4official/status/1152404416571461632.
  49. ↑ Coats, Cayla (September 6, 2019). "Crunchyroll and VIZ Media Europe Group Enter a New Relationship". Crunchyroll. https://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2019/09/06-1/crunchyroll-and-viz-media-europe-group-enter-a-new-relationship.
  50. ↑ "Crunchyroll Becomes Majority Owner of VIZ Media Europe Group". Crunchyroll. December 4, 2019. https://www.crunchyroll.com/en-gb/anime-news/2019/12/04/crunchyroll-becomes-majority-owner-of-viz-media-europe-group.
  51. ↑ Loveridge, Lynzee (October 15, 2019). "Crunchyroll Joins Forces With WEBTOON for New Animated Content". Anime News Network. https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2019-10-15/crunchyroll-joins-forces-with-webtoon-for-new-animated-content/.152260.
  52. ↑ Mateo, Alex (April 2, 2020). "Viz Media Europe SAS Changes Name to Crunchyroll SAS". Anime News Network. https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-04-02/viz-media-europe-sas-changes-name-to-crunchyroll-sas/.156353.
  53. ↑ "JAPANESE ENTERTAINMENT EMEA LEADER VIZ MEDIA EUROPE REBRANDS AS CRUNCHYROLL". Crunchyroll SAS. April 2, 2020. http://vizeurope.com/en/component/k2/item/794-japanese-entertainment-emea-leader-viz-media-europe-rebrands-as-crunchyroll.
  54. ↑ "Umstrukturierungen bei Ellation" (in de). Anime Sushi. March 22, 2020. https://www.anime-sushi.de/article/150-umstrukturierungen-bei-ellation/. Retrieved July 20, 2021.
  55. ↑ "Crunchyroll | About". Crunchyroll. https://www.crunchyroll.com/about/index.html. "VRV (U.S.) and Eye See Movies (Germany) are also Crunchyroll brands."
  56. ↑ "Ellation, лучший работодатель 2019 года, переименовывается в Crunchyroll" (in ru). Diez. April 17, 2020. https://ru.diez.md/2020/04/17/ellation-luchshiy-rabotodately-2019-goda-pereimenovyvaetsya-v-crunchyroll/. Retrieved July 20, 2021.
  57. ↑ Antonio Pineda, Rafael (September 5, 2020). "Crunchyroll, Sentai Filmworks Partner for Home Video Releases". Anime News Network. https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-09-05/crunchyroll-sentai-filmworks-partner-for-home-video-releases/.163655.
  58. ↑ Toonkel, Jessica; Dotan, Tom (August 12, 2020). "AT&T Wants $1.5 Billion in Crunchyroll Sale to Sony". https://www.theinformation.com/articles/at-t-wants-1-5-billion-in-crunchyroll-sale-to-sony.
  59. ↑ "WarnerMedia Looking to Sell Crunchyroll Anime-Streaming Service for at Least $1 Billion" (in en). August 12, 2020. https://variety.com/2020/digital/news/warnermedia-selling-crunchyroll-anime-sony-1234733441/.
  60. ↑ Reuters Staff. "Sony in talks with AT&T to buy Crunchyroll for more than $950 million: Nikkei", Reuters, October 30, 2020. (in en) 
  61. ↑ Moore, D.M. (December 9, 2020). "Sony's Funimation acquires anime streaming service Crunchyroll for $1.175 billion". Polygon. https://www.polygon.com/2020/12/9/21547657/sonys-funimation-acquires-crunchyroll-deal-price-watching-anime.
  62. ↑ Spangler, Todd (December 10, 2020). "AT&T to Sell Crunchyroll to Sony's Funimation for $1.175 Billion" (in en-US). https://variety.com/2020/digital/news/att-selling-crunchyroll-sony-funimation-1234850028/.
  63. ↑ Mateo, Alex (March 24, 2021). "Report: U.S. Justice Department Extends Antitrust Review of Sony's Proposed Acquisition of Crunchyroll". https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2021-03-24/report-u.s-justice-department-extends-antitrust-review-of-sony-proposed-acquisition-of-crunchyroll/.171049.
  64. ↑ Mateo, Alex (August 9, 2021). "Sony's Funimation Global Group Completes Acquisition of Crunchyroll from AT&T". https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2021-08-09/sony-funimation-global-group-completes-acquisition-of-crunchyroll-from-at-t/.176073.
  65. ↑ Mateo, Alex (August 13, 2021). "Crunchyroll Confirms VRV as a Part of Sony Following Acquisition". https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2021-08-13/crunchyroll-confirms-vrv-as-part-of-sony-following-acquisition/.176220.
  66. ↑ Milligan, Mercedes (September 23, 2021). "Crunchyroll and Fuji TV Announce +Ultra Development Partnership with Slow Curve". Animation Magazine. https://www.animationmagazine.net/anime/crunchyroll-and-fuji-tv-announce-ultra-development-partnership-with-slow-curve/.
  67. ↑ Schilling, Mark (September 29, 2021). "Crunchyroll and Fuji TV Strike Anime Production Deal". Variety. https://variety.com/2021/global/asia/crunchyroll-fuji-tv-anime-production-1235076754/.
  68. ↑ "Anime Fans Win as Funimation Global Group Content Moves to Crunchyroll Starting Today". Sony Pictures. March 1, 2022. https://help.crunchyroll.com/hc/en-us/articles/4495938340500. Retrieved March 1, 2022.
  69. ↑ Spangler, Todd (March 1, 2022). "Crunchyroll Adds All Funimation Anime Content, Sony Starts to Phase Out Funimation Brand". https://variety.com/2022/digital/news/crunchyroll-adds-funimation-anime-sony-1235192876/. Retrieved March 1, 2022.
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  72. ↑ Mateo, Alex (April 5, 2022). "Funimation's YouTube Channel Becomes 'Crunchyroll Dubs' Channel". https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2022-04-05/funimation-youtube-channel-becomes-crunchyroll-dubs-channel/.184396.
  73. ↑ Crunchyroll [@Crunchyroll] (April 8, 2022). "The Funimation Shop has moved its merch to @ShopCrunchyroll for the ultimate anime shopper's dream. Get new merch, figures, and more—all in one place! 👉 GO: got.cr/nextlevelstore-twm" (Tweet). https://twitter.com/Crunchyroll/status/1512509991793553411.
  74. ↑ Hayes, Dave (April 19, 2022). "Crunchyroll CEO Colin Decker Steps Down, Passing Baton To Funimation Vet Rahul Purini As Sony Anime Integration Continues". Deadline Hollywood. https://deadline.com/2022/04/crunchyroll-ceo-colin-decker-rahul-purini-anime-sony-1235005731/. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
  75. ↑ "How Did the #AnimeAwards Nominees Get Picked?". Crunchyroll. January 11, 2019. https://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-feature/2019/01/11-1/how-did-the-animeawards-nominees-get-picked.
  76. ↑ Macias, Patrick (February 9, 2017). "Crunchyroll Announces First-Ever "Crunchyroll Expo" Convention!". Crunchyroll. https://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2017/02/09/crunchyroll-announces-first-ever-crunchyroll-expo-convention.
  77. ↑ Orsini, Lauren (September 6, 2017). "The Making Of Crunchyroll Expo, A Corporate Con With An Anime Fan Heart". Forbes. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved August 18, 2019.
  78. ↑ Truong, Keira (August 21, 2019). "More Crunchyroll Expo guests revealed, programming schedule posted". Nerd Reactor. http://nerdreactor.com/2017/08/21/crunchyroll-expo-guests-revealed/.
  79. ↑ Sherman, Jennifer (August 9, 2017). "Crunchyroll Expo Hosts Kino's Journey Author Keiichi Sigsawa". Anime News Network. https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-08-09/crunchyroll-expo-hosts-kino-journey-author-keiichi-sigsawa/.119875.
  80. ↑ "Second Annual Crunchyroll Expo Wraps in San Jose With Over 45,000 in Turnstile Attendance". The Geekly Grind. September 6, 2018. http://www.thegeeklygrind.com/second-annual-crunchyroll-expo-wraps-in-san-jose-with-over-45000-in-turnstile-attendance/.
  81. ↑ Milligan, Mercedes (August 9, 2019). "'Blackfox' Movie Premiering at Crunchyroll Expo". Animation Magazine. Archived from the original on January 25, 2022. Retrieved August 18, 2019.
  82. ↑ Valdez, Nick (June 28, 2019). "New Mob Psycho 100 OVA to Premiere at Crunchyroll Expo". Comic Book. https://comicbook.com/anime/2019/06/28/mob-psycho-100-ova-crunchyroll-expo-world-premiere/.
  83. ↑ Hodgkins, Crystalyn (January 22, 2019). "Crunchyroll Expo to Host Horror Manga Artist Junji Ito". Anime News Network. https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-01-22/crunchyroll-expo-to-host-horror-manga-artist-junji-ito/.142353.
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  85. ↑ "The Creators of Food Wars! are Coming to Crunchyroll Expo 2019!". Crunchyroll. July 26, 2019. https://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2019/07/26/the-creators-of-food-wars-are-coming-to-crunchyroll-expo-2019.
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